Commonly used injections, intradermal injections (ID) intradermal injections are small liquid injection method between the epidermis and dermis. (a) to 1. For a variety of drug allergy test, to observe local reactions. 2. Vaccination. 3. The pioneer of local anesthesia. (2) of part 1. The skin test for the forearm medial segment. Because the skin is thinner, the relatively light, though easy to injection and recognition. 2. Vaccination often choose edge of deltoid muscle parts injection, such as the BCG vaccine, pertussis vaccine. (3) using put aseptic injection (1 ml syringe and 4.5 ~ 5 needles, according to the doctor's advice for solution. (4) operation method 1 will use material prepare carry to the bed, check, explained to the patient, in order to obtain cooperation. Do skin test before, we should ask for details of any allergies, such as the need for injection of the liquid has a history of allergies, are not able to do skin test, get in touch with the doctor, replacement of other drugs again after test. 2. Use 1 ml syringes and needles, physic, exhaust air. 3. Choose volar forearm (or edge of the deltoid muscle), with 70% alcohol swabs sterile skin to be dry, left hand tighten the skin, right hand hold the syringe, needle cant up, and the skin is 5 degrees to 15 degrees to Pierce the skin (FIG. 10-5). 4. Cant stay needles into the skin, flat syringes, injection of 0.1 ml of liquids, dose accuracy, make the local form a circular uplift pichel, whiten skin, pore greatens. 5. After injection, quickly pull out the needle, do not press knead, clear object, observing response on time. Figure 10-5 intradermal injections 6. If you need to contrast experiment, using another syringes and needles, in another the same part of the forearm, injection of 0.1 ml isotonic saline after 20 minutes, reaction controlled observation.
(5) note skin disinfection avoid is used a tincture of iodine, don't too deep into the needle, needle don't pull pressure, so as not to affect the outcome of observation. Second, subcutaneous injections (H) subcutaneous injections is small liquid injection method of subcutaneous tissue. (a) to 1. The need to quickly reach effectiveness, cannot or should not be used when oral dosing. Such as oral insulin is easy damaged by digestive enzymes within the gastrointestinal tract, lose, and subcutaneous injection is absorbed quickly. 2. The local anesthetic drugs or preoperative chick. 3. The vaccination. (2) parts of the edge of upper arm deltoid muscle, the lateral upper arm, abdomen, back and thigh lateral side (FIG. 10-6). Figure 10-6 hypodermic injection site (3) using material injection (sterile syringes and 1 to 2 m 5.5 ~ 6 needles, according to the doctor's advice for solution. (4) operation method 1 will use material prepare carry to the bed, check, explained to the patient, in order to obtain cooperation. Choose the injection site, with 2% iodine tincture and 70% alcohol for disinfection of skin, stay dry. 2. The liquid inhaled syringes, exhaust air, left hand tighten the skin, right hand holding syringe, index finger fixed needle pin, needle cant up and skin are 30 to 40 degrees Angle, too thin can picked at the injection site (figure 10-7), a fast 2/3 piercing needles, pins open left hand switch, no h. suction, can push the liquid injection. 3. After injection, acupuncture on gently with disinfection swab, quickly pull needle, clean up with. (5) note 1. Needles Pierce point should not be greater than 45 degrees, so as not to poke into the muscle layer. 2. Try to avoid application can irritate the skin as a subcutaneous injection of drugs. 3. Injection, often should change parts, injection in turn. 4. Injection is less than 1 ml of liquids, must use 1 ml syringe, to guarantee the accuracy of the injection liquid medicine dose. Figure 10-7 subcutaneous injections three, intramuscular injections (IM or IM) intramuscular injections is injected liquid into muscle tissue. (a) to (1) with subcutaneous injection, injection of excitant stronger or larger doses of drugs. 2. Should not or cannot do intravenous, was requested occur more rapidly than the subcutaneous injection curative effect. (2) parts should choose muscle thicker, far away from big nerve, blood vessel. Which is the most commonly used with glutes, followed by, small buttock muscles, vastus lateralis of middle and upper arm deltoid.
1. Glutes injection positioning method (1) the method. To butt crack side of apical left or right side of equalize is horizontal, make one perpendicular bisector from waiter skeletons ridge peak, will coxal cent is 4 quadrant, quadrant goes up outside its and escape an internal Angle (connect a line to big rotor from the thorn on qia hind), it is inject area namely (FIG. 10-8). (2) on-line. Before take iliac spines and coccyx line on the outside of a third place for the injection site (figure 10-8). -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 injections in figure 10 - is commonly used in the third quarter glutes positioning method (2) intramuscular injection, small buttock muscle injection of middle positioning method (1) with the index finger tip and the tip of the finger, respectively, in front of iliac spine and iliac crest on the lower edge, so skeletons constituted a triangle ridge, index finger, middle finger, the injection site within the Angle formed between the forefinger and middle finger (FIG. 10-9). Less blood vessels, nerve, and fat tissue is thinner, so it is widely used. (2) with iliac spines on the lateral before three horizontal (in patients with autologous finger width) as the standard. Make coxal muscle relaxation, for all kinds of position is below the desirable. Under the lateral position, legs straight, legs slightly bent. Prone position: toe, heel to separate. Seat: the seat chair to a slightly higher, ease of operation. Figure 10-9 small buttock muscle injection method of middle 3. Vastus lateralis muscle injection site for midway through the lateral thigh, located on the lap 10 cm, hips under 10 cm 7.5 cm wide. Large blood vessels, nerve trunk rarely by this area, area wide, suitable for multiple injection (figure 10-10) is shown in figure 10-10 lateral intramuscular injection of zone 4. Upper arm deltoid muscle injections. For the upper arm of the lateral since 2-3 refers to under the shoulder peak, relatively less hip muscle distribution here, only for small dose injection. Deltoid nine area partition method (figure 10-11); All the length and width of the center line of the deltoid muscle were divided into three parts, makes deltoid nine area, respectively, deltoid upper, middle and under a third of the area before, during and after. 1. The upper one-third of the deltoid muscle area before, during and after to deltoid muscle intramuscular injection of absolute safety. 2. A third of the deltoid muscle area before, during and for the relatively safe area. 3. The deltoid muscle and lower 1/3 of the deep areas after surface, because of the radial nerve, to deltoid muscle injection of danger. 4. The deltoid muscle under a third of the front, the central because muscle is too thin for intramuscular injection. Figure 10-11 deltoid nine area division method
(3) use sterile syringe injection (2-5 ml, needle no. 6-6.5, according to the doctor's advice for solution. (4) operation method 1 will use prepare carry to the bed, check, explanation, in order to obtain cooperation and assist patients to proper position. 2. With 2% iodine tincture and 70% alcohol disinfection of skin and stay dry. 3. Draw liquid exhaust air, with his left hand thumb and index finger tight skin, right hand holding needle, such as pen posture, with middle finger fixed needle pin, needle show 90 degrees with the injection site, quick stab into the muscle. General into the needle about 2.5 ~ 3 cm (thin and children reduction). 4. Loosen the left hand twitch the pistons, barring h., fixed needles, injection drugs. Finish with disinfection swab pressure into the injection point, quickly pull pin (figure 10-12). 5. Clean up with content, returned to his place. Figure 10-12 intramuscular injections (5) note 1. Don't put the needle stems all Pierce, in case of broken needle stems from the roots. 2. Two types of liquid injection at the same time, pay attention to the compatibility taboo; Need a long muscle injection, injection site should change alternately, avoid the happening of scleroma. Two infants and young children under the age of 3. Unfavorable choose glutes injection, due to the risk of the sciatic nerve, young children before failed to walk alone, the hip muscle development is not good, should be chosen in the hip muscles, hip little muscle injection concentration (6) wards (1) intramuscular injection at the same time for most patients, intramuscular injection can be used, drug injection in the treatment of the car, car bottom put a pot of disinfectant and treatment bowl, lining cloth, in order to collect used syringes and needles, and then cart to ward in a hospital bed order side absorb, side injection. 2. At the same time for the majority of patients intramuscular injection, collective preparations should use in the treatment of pan, put the sterile towels, syringes and needles, drugs, treatment of a bowl, put the disinfectant gauze. 3. The operation method (1) plate covered with sterile towels (double) treatment. (2) check the big and small ZhuSheKa, the small card number according to bed fixation in the treatment of disc, ready to drugs. (3) absorbing liquid, ampoule on set, sterile treatment on disc, make small ZhuSheKa piston shaft alignment, and finally cover the aseptic treatment towel. Set aside. (4) check in bed number order, explained to the patient after injection. Before in another patient injection with disinfectant gauze wipe hands after injection. Figure 10-13 collective plate injection intravenous injections (IV or IV), intravenous injections are injected liquid into vein. (a) to 1. The drug is unfavorable and oral administration, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, needs to happen quickly effect, can use intravenous injections. 2. The amount of drugs due to the high concentration, big stimulus, and should not take other more injection method. 3. Make diagnosis and test, by intravenous injection of drugs, such as liver, kidney, gallbladder and other X-ray radiography.
Three commonly used injections 4. Third infusion and transfusion. 5. Used in parenteral nutrition therapy. (2) parts of the commonly used chelidon basilic vein and middle vein, cephalic vein, or the back of hand, foot and ankle back the place such as superficial vein (FIG. 10-14). (3) using sterile syringe injection dish (according to solution volume), 6.2 or 7 scalp needle needle, tourniquet, towels or disposable paper towel. According to the doctor's advice for medicine. (4) operation method 1. To prepare with content brought to the bedside, check, explained to the patient, in order to obtain cooperation. 2. The absorbing liquid with a syringe, exhaust air, ampoule on set. 3. Choose the right venous, is proved with finger vein direction and depth, under the body of puncture pad towel or paper towels, above the puncture near heart (is) about 6 cm tied in with a tourniquet, with 2% tincture of iodine disinfection of skin, after being dry, with 70% alcohol to take off the iodine, ask client to clench fist, make vein filling. 4. When the puncture to bottom left thumb taut vein skin, make its fixed, right hand hold the syringe, needle cant upward, needles and the skin is 20 degrees, by the above or lateral piercing the subcutaneous vein (figure 10-15), and then along the direction of vein pierced by stealth. 5. See h., confirmed that the needle into the vein, along the vein needle into touch again, loosen the tourniquet, ask client to boxing, fixed needles, slow injection liquids (FIG. 10-16). 6. In the process of injection, if local swelling and pain, prompt slip out of intravenous needles, should pull out the needle replacement parts, the injection again. 7. Injection of bi to disinfect the swab on the puncture point, quickly pull out the needle, ask client to elbow flexion compression for a moment. Clean up with. 8. Note: (1) injection should choose coarse straight, good elasticity, not easy to slide vein. If you need long-term intravenous dosing, heart shall be far end to injected close to heart. (2) according to the condition and the nature of the drug, grasps the injection speed of liquid medicine, and listen to the complaints of the patient at any time, to observe signs and condition changes. (3) the organization has a strong stimulus of drugs, should be taken before injection for puncture, injection of a small amount of isotonic saline, confirmed that the needle is within the blood vessels, another drug injection, to prevent liquid spills and necrosis within organization. 9. Common reasons for the failure of intravenous injection (FIG. 10-17). (1) needle cant within the blood vessels, half half outside the blood vessels, h. intermittent, note medicine overflow to the skin, skin uplift, local pain patients. (2) needle pierced deeper, cant wear out half the side of the vessel wall, saw a monthly bleeding, but pushing drugs, part of the liquid overflow to deeper tissue. (3) needles Pierce too deep, penetrating to the side of the vessel wall, drugs injected into deep tissue, there is pain, no monthly bleeding, such as pushing a small amount of liquid injection, only local doesn't uplift. Figure 10-14 commonly used intravenous injection site is shown in figure 10-15 intravenous injections in figure 10 to 16 intravenous drug evaluation, figure 10 to 17 intravenous common reasons for the failure of five, the femoral vein injections (a) purpose is often used in emergency when make pressurized infusion, blood transfusion or blood samples. (2) parts of a triangle, in front of the iliac spine and pubic tubercle draw a wire between the midpoint of femoral artery, femoral artery medial 0.5 cm for the femoral vein (FIG. 10 to 18). Figure 10 to 18 femoral venous anatomic position (3) using injection (10 ml or 20 ml sterile syringes, gauze, dry test tubes. (4) operation method 1. Patient recumbent, leg unbend slightly outward, local regular disinfection, stay dry. 2. Performer disinfection left index finger and middle finger, and then in the triangle ammonites shares pulses, or find iliac spine and pubic tubercle on-line midpoint method of femoral artery, disinfection and performer finger puncture point, again with his left hand fingers to be fixed. 3. The right hand hold the syringe, needle and skin or 45 degree Angle is 90 degrees, Pierce in femoral medial 0.5 cm place, see out dark red tip has amounted to femoral vein blood, and fixed needles, according to the need to take blood samples or injecting drugs. 4. Blood or injection, local with sterile gauze direct pressure for 3 to 5 minutes, confirm no bleeding, before leaving. Clean up with.
(5) note (1) strict aseptic operation procedures, to prevent infection. (2) take out for the bright red blood, the tip wear in arteries, should immediately pull out the needle, the puncture of the press in 5 to 10 minutes, until to the university and no bleeding. Six, arterial puncture injections (a) the purpose for blood gas analysis; Severe shock, subject to arterial blood in order to increase effective blood volume; Enforcement of certain special procedures, such as cerebral angiogram); Some treatment (anti-cancer drugs). (2) parts of the radial artery and femoral artery commonly used blood samples. Radial artery puncture point 2 cm on the volar forearm wrist, pulses are obvious. Femoral artery puncture points as shown in the front. (3) using material injection (plus 5 ml sterile dry or 10 ml syringes, needles and 7 specimen containers, gloves. If a treatment or examination, the other for liquids. (4) operation method fully exposed puncture, regular disinfection, range widely, performer in puncture side, wearing gloves or disinfected with 2% iodine tincture and 70% ethanol forefinger and middle finger, left hand with a fixed to puncture the artery, right hand holding syringe, vertical or between two fingers and to show 40 degrees Pierce artery, saw a bright red h., right hand fixed direction and depth of the puncture needle, left hand as fast as liquid injection or blood. Local direct pressure operation, quickly pull out the needle, 5 to 10 minutes. (5) note 1. The strict aseptic technique, in case of infection. 2. With bleeding tendency, cautious application. Review questions 1. Please describe what are injection principle? 2. What kind of injection points? Try to say at the injection site and operation methods? 3. Please describe subcutaneous and intramuscular injection differ in operation? 4. Why subcutaneous, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection before h. all air and smoke?
(5) note skin disinfection avoid is used a tincture of iodine, don't too deep into the needle, needle don't pull pressure, so as not to affect the outcome of observation. Second, subcutaneous injections (H) subcutaneous injections is small liquid injection method of subcutaneous tissue. (a) to 1. The need to quickly reach effectiveness, cannot or should not be used when oral dosing. Such as oral insulin is easy damaged by digestive enzymes within the gastrointestinal tract, lose, and subcutaneous injection is absorbed quickly. 2. The local anesthetic drugs or preoperative chick. 3. The vaccination. (2) parts of the edge of upper arm deltoid muscle, the lateral upper arm, abdomen, back and thigh lateral side (FIG. 10-6). Figure 10-6 hypodermic injection site (3) using material injection (sterile syringes and 1 to 2 m 5.5 ~ 6 needles, according to the doctor's advice for solution. (4) operation method 1 will use material prepare carry to the bed, check, explained to the patient, in order to obtain cooperation. Choose the injection site, with 2% iodine tincture and 70% alcohol for disinfection of skin, stay dry. 2. The liquid inhaled syringes, exhaust air, left hand tighten the skin, right hand holding syringe, index finger fixed needle pin, needle cant up and skin are 30 to 40 degrees Angle, too thin can picked at the injection site (figure 10-7), a fast 2/3 piercing needles, pins open left hand switch, no h. suction, can push the liquid injection. 3. After injection, acupuncture on gently with disinfection swab, quickly pull needle, clean up with. (5) note 1. Needles Pierce point should not be greater than 45 degrees, so as not to poke into the muscle layer. 2. Try to avoid application can irritate the skin as a subcutaneous injection of drugs. 3. Injection, often should change parts, injection in turn. 4. Injection is less than 1 ml of liquids, must use 1 ml syringe, to guarantee the accuracy of the injection liquid medicine dose. Figure 10-7 subcutaneous injections three, intramuscular injections (IM or IM) intramuscular injections is injected liquid into muscle tissue. (a) to (1) with subcutaneous injection, injection of excitant stronger or larger doses of drugs. 2. Should not or cannot do intravenous, was requested occur more rapidly than the subcutaneous injection curative effect. (2) parts should choose muscle thicker, far away from big nerve, blood vessel. Which is the most commonly used with glutes, followed by, small buttock muscles, vastus lateralis of middle and upper arm deltoid.
1. Glutes injection positioning method (1) the method. To butt crack side of apical left or right side of equalize is horizontal, make one perpendicular bisector from waiter skeletons ridge peak, will coxal cent is 4 quadrant, quadrant goes up outside its and escape an internal Angle (connect a line to big rotor from the thorn on qia hind), it is inject area namely (FIG. 10-8). (2) on-line. Before take iliac spines and coccyx line on the outside of a third place for the injection site (figure 10-8). -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 injections in figure 10 - is commonly used in the third quarter glutes positioning method (2) intramuscular injection, small buttock muscle injection of middle positioning method (1) with the index finger tip and the tip of the finger, respectively, in front of iliac spine and iliac crest on the lower edge, so skeletons constituted a triangle ridge, index finger, middle finger, the injection site within the Angle formed between the forefinger and middle finger (FIG. 10-9). Less blood vessels, nerve, and fat tissue is thinner, so it is widely used. (2) with iliac spines on the lateral before three horizontal (in patients with autologous finger width) as the standard. Make coxal muscle relaxation, for all kinds of position is below the desirable. Under the lateral position, legs straight, legs slightly bent. Prone position: toe, heel to separate. Seat: the seat chair to a slightly higher, ease of operation. Figure 10-9 small buttock muscle injection method of middle 3. Vastus lateralis muscle injection site for midway through the lateral thigh, located on the lap 10 cm, hips under 10 cm 7.5 cm wide. Large blood vessels, nerve trunk rarely by this area, area wide, suitable for multiple injection (figure 10-10) is shown in figure 10-10 lateral intramuscular injection of zone 4. Upper arm deltoid muscle injections. For the upper arm of the lateral since 2-3 refers to under the shoulder peak, relatively less hip muscle distribution here, only for small dose injection. Deltoid nine area partition method (figure 10-11); All the length and width of the center line of the deltoid muscle were divided into three parts, makes deltoid nine area, respectively, deltoid upper, middle and under a third of the area before, during and after. 1. The upper one-third of the deltoid muscle area before, during and after to deltoid muscle intramuscular injection of absolute safety. 2. A third of the deltoid muscle area before, during and for the relatively safe area. 3. The deltoid muscle and lower 1/3 of the deep areas after surface, because of the radial nerve, to deltoid muscle injection of danger. 4. The deltoid muscle under a third of the front, the central because muscle is too thin for intramuscular injection. Figure 10-11 deltoid nine area division method
(3) use sterile syringe injection (2-5 ml, needle no. 6-6.5, according to the doctor's advice for solution. (4) operation method 1 will use prepare carry to the bed, check, explanation, in order to obtain cooperation and assist patients to proper position. 2. With 2% iodine tincture and 70% alcohol disinfection of skin and stay dry. 3. Draw liquid exhaust air, with his left hand thumb and index finger tight skin, right hand holding needle, such as pen posture, with middle finger fixed needle pin, needle show 90 degrees with the injection site, quick stab into the muscle. General into the needle about 2.5 ~ 3 cm (thin and children reduction). 4. Loosen the left hand twitch the pistons, barring h., fixed needles, injection drugs. Finish with disinfection swab pressure into the injection point, quickly pull pin (figure 10-12). 5. Clean up with content, returned to his place. Figure 10-12 intramuscular injections (5) note 1. Don't put the needle stems all Pierce, in case of broken needle stems from the roots. 2. Two types of liquid injection at the same time, pay attention to the compatibility taboo; Need a long muscle injection, injection site should change alternately, avoid the happening of scleroma. Two infants and young children under the age of 3. Unfavorable choose glutes injection, due to the risk of the sciatic nerve, young children before failed to walk alone, the hip muscle development is not good, should be chosen in the hip muscles, hip little muscle injection concentration (6) wards (1) intramuscular injection at the same time for most patients, intramuscular injection can be used, drug injection in the treatment of the car, car bottom put a pot of disinfectant and treatment bowl, lining cloth, in order to collect used syringes and needles, and then cart to ward in a hospital bed order side absorb, side injection. 2. At the same time for the majority of patients intramuscular injection, collective preparations should use in the treatment of pan, put the sterile towels, syringes and needles, drugs, treatment of a bowl, put the disinfectant gauze. 3. The operation method (1) plate covered with sterile towels (double) treatment. (2) check the big and small ZhuSheKa, the small card number according to bed fixation in the treatment of disc, ready to drugs. (3) absorbing liquid, ampoule on set, sterile treatment on disc, make small ZhuSheKa piston shaft alignment, and finally cover the aseptic treatment towel. Set aside. (4) check in bed number order, explained to the patient after injection. Before in another patient injection with disinfectant gauze wipe hands after injection. Figure 10-13 collective plate injection intravenous injections (IV or IV), intravenous injections are injected liquid into vein. (a) to 1. The drug is unfavorable and oral administration, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, needs to happen quickly effect, can use intravenous injections. 2. The amount of drugs due to the high concentration, big stimulus, and should not take other more injection method. 3. Make diagnosis and test, by intravenous injection of drugs, such as liver, kidney, gallbladder and other X-ray radiography.
Three commonly used injections 4. Third infusion and transfusion. 5. Used in parenteral nutrition therapy. (2) parts of the commonly used chelidon basilic vein and middle vein, cephalic vein, or the back of hand, foot and ankle back the place such as superficial vein (FIG. 10-14). (3) using sterile syringe injection dish (according to solution volume), 6.2 or 7 scalp needle needle, tourniquet, towels or disposable paper towel. According to the doctor's advice for medicine. (4) operation method 1. To prepare with content brought to the bedside, check, explained to the patient, in order to obtain cooperation. 2. The absorbing liquid with a syringe, exhaust air, ampoule on set. 3. Choose the right venous, is proved with finger vein direction and depth, under the body of puncture pad towel or paper towels, above the puncture near heart (is) about 6 cm tied in with a tourniquet, with 2% tincture of iodine disinfection of skin, after being dry, with 70% alcohol to take off the iodine, ask client to clench fist, make vein filling. 4. When the puncture to bottom left thumb taut vein skin, make its fixed, right hand hold the syringe, needle cant upward, needles and the skin is 20 degrees, by the above or lateral piercing the subcutaneous vein (figure 10-15), and then along the direction of vein pierced by stealth. 5. See h., confirmed that the needle into the vein, along the vein needle into touch again, loosen the tourniquet, ask client to boxing, fixed needles, slow injection liquids (FIG. 10-16). 6. In the process of injection, if local swelling and pain, prompt slip out of intravenous needles, should pull out the needle replacement parts, the injection again. 7. Injection of bi to disinfect the swab on the puncture point, quickly pull out the needle, ask client to elbow flexion compression for a moment. Clean up with. 8. Note: (1) injection should choose coarse straight, good elasticity, not easy to slide vein. If you need long-term intravenous dosing, heart shall be far end to injected close to heart. (2) according to the condition and the nature of the drug, grasps the injection speed of liquid medicine, and listen to the complaints of the patient at any time, to observe signs and condition changes. (3) the organization has a strong stimulus of drugs, should be taken before injection for puncture, injection of a small amount of isotonic saline, confirmed that the needle is within the blood vessels, another drug injection, to prevent liquid spills and necrosis within organization. 9. Common reasons for the failure of intravenous injection (FIG. 10-17). (1) needle cant within the blood vessels, half half outside the blood vessels, h. intermittent, note medicine overflow to the skin, skin uplift, local pain patients. (2) needle pierced deeper, cant wear out half the side of the vessel wall, saw a monthly bleeding, but pushing drugs, part of the liquid overflow to deeper tissue. (3) needles Pierce too deep, penetrating to the side of the vessel wall, drugs injected into deep tissue, there is pain, no monthly bleeding, such as pushing a small amount of liquid injection, only local doesn't uplift. Figure 10-14 commonly used intravenous injection site is shown in figure 10-15 intravenous injections in figure 10 to 16 intravenous drug evaluation, figure 10 to 17 intravenous common reasons for the failure of five, the femoral vein injections (a) purpose is often used in emergency when make pressurized infusion, blood transfusion or blood samples. (2) parts of a triangle, in front of the iliac spine and pubic tubercle draw a wire between the midpoint of femoral artery, femoral artery medial 0.5 cm for the femoral vein (FIG. 10 to 18). Figure 10 to 18 femoral venous anatomic position (3) using injection (10 ml or 20 ml sterile syringes, gauze, dry test tubes. (4) operation method 1. Patient recumbent, leg unbend slightly outward, local regular disinfection, stay dry. 2. Performer disinfection left index finger and middle finger, and then in the triangle ammonites shares pulses, or find iliac spine and pubic tubercle on-line midpoint method of femoral artery, disinfection and performer finger puncture point, again with his left hand fingers to be fixed. 3. The right hand hold the syringe, needle and skin or 45 degree Angle is 90 degrees, Pierce in femoral medial 0.5 cm place, see out dark red tip has amounted to femoral vein blood, and fixed needles, according to the need to take blood samples or injecting drugs. 4. Blood or injection, local with sterile gauze direct pressure for 3 to 5 minutes, confirm no bleeding, before leaving. Clean up with.
(5) note (1) strict aseptic operation procedures, to prevent infection. (2) take out for the bright red blood, the tip wear in arteries, should immediately pull out the needle, the puncture of the press in 5 to 10 minutes, until to the university and no bleeding. Six, arterial puncture injections (a) the purpose for blood gas analysis; Severe shock, subject to arterial blood in order to increase effective blood volume; Enforcement of certain special procedures, such as cerebral angiogram); Some treatment (anti-cancer drugs). (2) parts of the radial artery and femoral artery commonly used blood samples. Radial artery puncture point 2 cm on the volar forearm wrist, pulses are obvious. Femoral artery puncture points as shown in the front. (3) using material injection (plus 5 ml sterile dry or 10 ml syringes, needles and 7 specimen containers, gloves. If a treatment or examination, the other for liquids. (4) operation method fully exposed puncture, regular disinfection, range widely, performer in puncture side, wearing gloves or disinfected with 2% iodine tincture and 70% ethanol forefinger and middle finger, left hand with a fixed to puncture the artery, right hand holding syringe, vertical or between two fingers and to show 40 degrees Pierce artery, saw a bright red h., right hand fixed direction and depth of the puncture needle, left hand as fast as liquid injection or blood. Local direct pressure operation, quickly pull out the needle, 5 to 10 minutes. (5) note 1. The strict aseptic technique, in case of infection. 2. With bleeding tendency, cautious application. Review questions 1. Please describe what are injection principle? 2. What kind of injection points? Try to say at the injection site and operation methods? 3. Please describe subcutaneous and intramuscular injection differ in operation? 4. Why subcutaneous, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection before h. all air and smoke?
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