Choose and use the matters needing attention when the choose and buy, first of all depends on the product packaging, single package shall be marked with the nominal capacity, sterile, no pyrogen, one-time use, the expiry date of the year and month; If the attached needle, should indicate the specifications; Again observe syringe cleaning, do you have any particle and foreign material, can not have burrs, defects such as burrs, plastic flow, defect, disposable syringes (including rubber piston) on the inner surface shall not have visible lubricant (note the difference).
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2013年7月5日星期五
Disposable syringes in Africa's paradise
According to the international medical equipment industry forecasts, to 2015, the disposable syringes market will reach $9.3 billion to $9.5 billion. This is because the developed countries generally entered the aging society, many old people need to regularly on the hospital injections, is a big demand for disposable syringes. Disposable syringes now has become one of Europe and the United States hospital of consumables. Disposable syringes in Europe and America market, however, has been highly mature, a lot of the personage inside course of study thinks, although African medical apparatus and instruments market sales volume is small, but with the continued development of Africa economy, Africa will certainly be disposable syringes and other medical equipment products of big potential market.
Our disposable syringe's production capacity has reached 30 billion resulting in the serious excess capacity, some disposable syringe production enterprises operating at less than 50%. But in recent years, shandong, liaoning and other northern provinces of disposable syringe production development faster, in recent years, some western province began to join the disposable syringe production ranks. Disposable syringes in China big overcapacity situation, joined the new producers will no doubt face more cruel competition.
According to veteran of foreign long-term engaged in medical equipment trade analysis, the disposable syringes market still in developed countries as the main body. The United States as the world's biggest market of disposable syringe. In the United States, the disposable syringe is not simply used to inject drugs but expanded to a variety of medical USES, especially some protein/peptide drug prefi lled type syringe has become the important products in the syringe. This kind of product mainly has EPO prefi lled type syringe, insulin syringe, all kinds of vaccination syringe and DNA analysis, etc., with a syringe are the best-selling products on the market of the United States. The U.S. currently accounts for about 30% of the world's disposable syringes market share, the second (about 26%), Japan's third (about 10%), the Middle East countries and South American countries accounted for 4%, including China, southeast Asia, Canada, and Oceania, the countries in the asia-pacific region has become a new hotspot, the disposable syringes market growth in these countries total disposable syringe sales accounted for about 25% of the world's markets, and the vast Africa accounts for only 1% of disposable syringe markets around the world.
Has a population of nearly 1 billion in Africa, Nigeria, Mali, oil producing countries such as South Africa and north Africa national economic situation is good, and sub-saharan African countries has always been a global AIDS disaster zone, therefore, African countries, demand for disposable syringes product space is huge. Was needed for the African syringe products including anesthesia syringe with syringes, blood, blood vessels, surgery/gas syringes and catheters syringes (especially secure catheters syringe) closed at one end, dental syringes, eyeball syringe, insulin syringe (including regular insulin syringes and insulin syringe), ligament in syringes and wash one's hands with a syringe, etc.
In Africa, in addition to a few countries such as South Africa has certain medical equipment production capacity, the vast majority of countries have not yet established the production system of medical equipment, medical apparatus and instruments required for these countries products mostly rely on the United Nations organizations. In addition, the United Nations agencies will purchase every year a certain number of free disposable syringes and other commonly used medical devices assigned to the underdeveloped countries in Africa for medical use. According to WHO estimates, if African governments can protect people health needs, is the continent need to consume at least 4.5 billion cigarettes every year disposable syringes products, from a long-term point of view, Africa is a big potential market of real product of medical apparatus and instruments.
For many disposable syringe manufacturers in China, with its lower prices on the international market compete, than one thousand ways to open the vast market in Africa. Our disposable syringe production enterprises in their own way should change the present situation, the organization of an industry association as soon as possible, and sent representatives in South Africa and other countries set up offices, efforts to improve China's share of disposable syringes in Africa. European and American developed countries disposable syringes market is already saturated, in contrast, Africa is disposable syringes in China the most promising target to expand exports.
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Our disposable syringe's production capacity has reached 30 billion resulting in the serious excess capacity, some disposable syringe production enterprises operating at less than 50%. But in recent years, shandong, liaoning and other northern provinces of disposable syringe production development faster, in recent years, some western province began to join the disposable syringe production ranks. Disposable syringes in China big overcapacity situation, joined the new producers will no doubt face more cruel competition.
According to veteran of foreign long-term engaged in medical equipment trade analysis, the disposable syringes market still in developed countries as the main body. The United States as the world's biggest market of disposable syringe. In the United States, the disposable syringe is not simply used to inject drugs but expanded to a variety of medical USES, especially some protein/peptide drug prefi lled type syringe has become the important products in the syringe. This kind of product mainly has EPO prefi lled type syringe, insulin syringe, all kinds of vaccination syringe and DNA analysis, etc., with a syringe are the best-selling products on the market of the United States. The U.S. currently accounts for about 30% of the world's disposable syringes market share, the second (about 26%), Japan's third (about 10%), the Middle East countries and South American countries accounted for 4%, including China, southeast Asia, Canada, and Oceania, the countries in the asia-pacific region has become a new hotspot, the disposable syringes market growth in these countries total disposable syringe sales accounted for about 25% of the world's markets, and the vast Africa accounts for only 1% of disposable syringe markets around the world.
Has a population of nearly 1 billion in Africa, Nigeria, Mali, oil producing countries such as South Africa and north Africa national economic situation is good, and sub-saharan African countries has always been a global AIDS disaster zone, therefore, African countries, demand for disposable syringes product space is huge. Was needed for the African syringe products including anesthesia syringe with syringes, blood, blood vessels, surgery/gas syringes and catheters syringes (especially secure catheters syringe) closed at one end, dental syringes, eyeball syringe, insulin syringe (including regular insulin syringes and insulin syringe), ligament in syringes and wash one's hands with a syringe, etc.
In Africa, in addition to a few countries such as South Africa has certain medical equipment production capacity, the vast majority of countries have not yet established the production system of medical equipment, medical apparatus and instruments required for these countries products mostly rely on the United Nations organizations. In addition, the United Nations agencies will purchase every year a certain number of free disposable syringes and other commonly used medical devices assigned to the underdeveloped countries in Africa for medical use. According to WHO estimates, if African governments can protect people health needs, is the continent need to consume at least 4.5 billion cigarettes every year disposable syringes products, from a long-term point of view, Africa is a big potential market of real product of medical apparatus and instruments.
For many disposable syringe manufacturers in China, with its lower prices on the international market compete, than one thousand ways to open the vast market in Africa. Our disposable syringe production enterprises in their own way should change the present situation, the organization of an industry association as soon as possible, and sent representatives in South Africa and other countries set up offices, efforts to improve China's share of disposable syringes in Africa. European and American developed countries disposable syringes market is already saturated, in contrast, Africa is disposable syringes in China the most promising target to expand exports.
www.medical-supplies.cc
2013年6月17日星期一
Sales of disposable syringe to prove?
Industrial and commercial business license, medical apparatus and instruments sales license (license business scope to include disposable syringes), medical device registration certificate of disposable syringes.
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Disposable syringe can feed milk?
Can use disposable syringes, but also it is best time, because after a single use, it is difficult to thoroughly clean, circular reoccupy is not good.
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www.medical-supplies.cc
2013年6月3日星期一
Disposable needles clean?
Q: why now hospital medical examination is done with disposable needles are not to use disposable syringes, will infect?
A: all hospitals are now using the disposable syringes and needles of ah, you didn't pay attention!
A: all hospitals are now using the disposable syringes and needles of ah, you didn't pay attention!
2013年6月2日星期日
Ionizing radiation sterilization (also called cold sterilization)
With radionuclide 60 co emission of gamma rays or electron accelerator of high-energy electron beam penetrating objects in radiation sterilization. Applicable to sterilization thermolabile items, such as rubber, plastic, polymer (disposable syringes, disposable infusion , disposable blood transfusion apparatus, etc.),precision medical equipment, biological medical products, sterilization equipment and metal, etc.
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www.medical-supplies.cc
2013年6月1日星期六
The disposable insulin syringes to inject generic drugs?
It is disposable syringes, had better not injected with other drugs, avoid crossing infection and syringe within how many residual drug, avoid adverse reactions, using them will pay more attention!!!!!!!!!!!
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Medical supplies, disposable syringes microbiological monitoring health standards
The use of disposable products problems every day all over the world for environmental protection, waste of resources of disposable supplies said "no" disposable items at the beginning of the 1990 s in our country now, are popular today because they think it can bring convenient to life, bring health. Disposable chopsticks has been called the "chopsticks", disposable plastic bags is referred to as the "clean bag". With the passage of time, disposable supplies have infiltrated every corner of our lives, seem to have and we are inseparable. Really the case? What did it bring to us? It is now time to calm down and think seriously about. Common disposables medical industry: disposable syringes, infusion sets, masks, hats, gloves, shoe covers, gown, surgical instruments, drapes, bed sheets, quilt cover, equipment sets, kits, anaesthetic puncture bag for package,, tracheotomy, multiple catheters, specimen containers, needles and analgesic pump, artificial nose, filters, operation support... No fewer than dozens, even hundreds of. Apart from some small usage of special use (such as: surgical stent, intestine anastomat, arteriovenous catheter, etc.) is indispensable, many heavy use of disposable medical consumables are replaceable. Hotel: hotel disposable slippers, toothpaste, toothbrushes, combs, bath, shampoo, soap, shoeshine, shaver, towel, swimsuit, swim trunks, swimming cap... . Catering services: disposable chopsticks, lunch boxes, antependium, cups, spoons, forks and knives, apron... . Supermarket commodity circulation: plastic bag, food bag, packaging bags, paper bags, hangers, plastic wrap... . Other: disposable cameras, garments, seat covers, plastic film, woven bag... . Disposable goods bring to people? Convenient: that everyone feel obviously, on a business trip forgot toiletries it doesn't matter, as long as the better to live in the hotel is all "OK". Go out shopping to the supermarket, or stall vendors have plastic bags ready to meet your needs. In a word, to go out swinging hands smartly to the target. But, busy, in turn, it is broken we sanitation workers, crush our fragile ecological environment. Health: the surface is health, actually is not the case. In terms of medical supplies, the repeated use of the goods, as long as sterilization by the regulation is very safe. Instead of disposable goods in production, circulation, storage and use of it is difficult to guarantee is not subject to pollution, disposable medical consumables are not effective to reduce hospital cross infection. What articles for daily use? "Chopsticks" not health reports have repeatedly been reported. According to the spring city evening news "reported on November 3," 8 into unqualified disposable tableware production enterprises, of which the filler can cause cancer." The author also have encountered bite by the rat mutilated as a disposable lunch box and moldy chopsticks businesses also continue to use the embarrassment. Hotel slippers are paper, dry conditions in a certain isolation effect, but once the shower wet have no isolation effect, wearing it and walking bare feet on the ground there is not much difference. Actually, now people fear most of some diseases, such as AIDS, avian flu, SARS, hepatitis, such as mad cow disease is a viral disease. Virus is a microbial cell type, only inside the living cells growth and proliferation, leaving an organism survival time is not long, the use of high temperature, high pressure and the commonly used disinfectant is easy to kill. So, use disinfection cabinet sterile bowl chopsticks in matters of health is much more reliable than a one-off.
Junk: large and medium-sized cities of garbage disposal have now become unbearable, throwing disposable supplies run out, can quickly generate a large number of garbage, virtually increased the burden. More worthy of attention is abandoned disposable medical supplies, processing is bad to the harm of the society. Such as: medical waste were used in the production of recycled plastic, recycled plastic is used in the production of beverage barrels, edible oil drum or medical waste was recycled packaging reflux back directly to the market etc. Phenomenon is not rare. Environmental destruction, resource waste, disposable lunch boxes, plastic products such as syringes, infusion sets, mostly in the form of oil terminal products, and the consumption of disposable chopsticks is the forest resources. As China's 1.3 billion people per year using 10 pairs of 20 g, disposable chopsticks would otherwise throw away each year 520000 tons of wood, threw out 5.2 million tons of wood to 10 years, the convert forest is how many? How much waste is caused by all disposable goods? Why China consumes only a third of the world resources to create about 4% of world output, which is one of the reasons. Increase the cost of living: 5 yuan a can use bowl 5000 times (about five years), its use cost only 0.1 cents each, and the use of disposable lunch box 0.2 yuan a cost is it 200 times. By excessive use of disposable medical consumables and see a doctor on one of the major difficulty and high cost. How to deal with the use of disposable supplies one-time supplies did not achieve the purpose of the people, and have brought many serious problems, it's more harm than good, in the long run is bound to affect the sustainable development of social economy, and our proposed the construction of the economical goal of harmonious society is harmonious. Therefore, in addition to some environmental protection (such as straw production of biodegradable disposable lunch box) and beneficial to society truly (such as heart stents, arteriovenous catheter, etc.) of disposable supplies shall reserve, those not environmental protection, waste of resources of disposable supplies, the government should firmly stop, media and the public should also loudly said "no". Generally half of disposable tableware is unqualified, easy cause cancer disease, serious harm human health chopsticks more white toxicity is larger in the near future he along with quality control, industrial and commercial departments of some manufacturers of disposable plastic lunch boxes, food bowls were tested, the test found that some manufacturers use raw materials were unexpectedly abandoned plastic, at the same time, also added a large amounts of harmful material such as disable industrial paraffin goverment. In his recently visited more than 100 enterprises, 60% of production is inferior tableware, 20% are qualified and half inferior products, many manufacturers of talcum powder, calcium carbonate is added in the products such as over 50%, resulting in tableware in the acetic acid exceeds bid badly. Turn a bubble with hot water, microwave oven, a food even slightly higher temperature, harmful substances will be dissolved in food, long-term consumption can lead to indigestion, gallstones and lesions in the liver system, etc. If tableware contains industrial paraffin wax, and may even cause cancer. You need to pay attention to the tableware is harmful main features: touch soft and light tear is broken, a pungent smell and choke, thermal deformation and leakage. But, disposable plastic tableware for joining the large number of talcum powder filler, cut up the thrown into the water will sink, ten percent will appear white print. Disposable sanitary articles published national health standard of the People's Republic of China national standard disposable hygiene products health standard GB 15979-2002. 1 scope: this standard specifies the disposable sanitary products products and production environment hygiene standards and disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standards and the corresponding test methods, as well as raw materials and products production, sterilization, storage, transportation and health requirements and product identification requirements. In this standard, disposable hygiene products refers to: this standard is applicable to domestic engaged in disposable hygiene products production and sales departments, units or individuals that applies to the distribution of import of disposable sanitary products department, unit or individual. 2 reference standards: the following standards contain provision which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised, the use of the standard of the parties should discuss the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the following standards. GB 15981-15981 disinfection and sterilization effects evaluation method and standard.
Definition 3: this standard USES the following definition: disposable hygiene products. Which are discarded, and after using a direct or indirect contact with human body, and to achieve human physiological health or health care (antibacterial and bacteriostatic) purpose and use of all kinds of daily necessities, product character can be solid or liquid. For example, disposable gloves or finger cot (not including medical gloves or finger cot), paper towels, wet wipes, sanitary towel, phone film, hats, masks, underwear, women's menstrual health supplies (including sanitary pads) hygiene products, diapers and other waste (not including wrinkle toilet paper and toilet paper), condoms, etc., in the middle of this standard is referred to as "health products". 4 product health indicators: 4.1 must be clean and tidy appearance, accords with the inherent traits of sanitary products, can not have abnormal odour and foreign body. 4.2 May not produce undesirable stimulation to the skin and mucous membrane with allergic reactions and other damage. 4.3 microbiology indicators in the product shall conform to table 1. Product species bacteria microbial indicators in table 1 cfu/g 1) total number of bacterial colonies cfu/g or cfu/mL total coliforms pathogenic purulent bacteria 2) fungal colony cfu/g or cfu/mL of gloves or gloves, paper towels, wet towels, hats, underwear, phone film. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 antimicrobial or less (or antimicrobial) liquid products shall not detected detected 200 or less or less 100 hygiene wipes. 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the mask..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected detected women menstrual health supplies..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the diaper, etc waste sanitary products..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out condoms. 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out
1) bacteria such as more than the value in table, should be increased accordingly to kill index, made of bacteria and fungi limits stipulated in this standard. 2) pathogenic purulent bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus. 4.4 hygiene wipes besides must meet the microbiological criteria in table 1, the rate of killing escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus 90% or higher, to indicate the role of fungi, still must kill rate of 90% or higher for candida albicans, its bactericidal action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 antibacterial (or antimicrobial) products must meet the same kind of products at the same level in table 1 microbiology standards, for e. coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial rate shall be 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), to indicate the role of fungi, still must bacteriostatic rates of candida albicans 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), its bacteriostatic action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 any sanitary products factory by ethylene oxide sterilization, ethylene oxide residues must be 250 or less mu g/g. 5 production environment health indicators: 5.1 the total number of bacterial colonies in assembly and packing workshop air should be 2 or less 500 cfu/m3. 5.2 total number of bacterial colonies of workbench surface should be 20 or less cfu/cm2. 5.3 total number of bacterial colonies of workers hand surface should be 300 cfu/hands or less, and may not be detected pathogenic bacteria. 6 6.1 ethylene oxide sterilization, disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation of bacillus subtilis variant of bacillus black (ATCC 9372) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.2 ionizing radiation disinfection: the short bacillus spores E6d (ATCC 27142) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.3 pressure steam sterilization: fat thermophilic bacillus spores (ATCC 7953) kill index should be 103 or higher. 7 raw materials of health requirements: 7.1 raw materials should be non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting; Raw materials, packaging shall be clean, indicate the name of the inclusions, production units, production date or batch number; Affect the sanitary quality of raw materials should not be exposed; Have special requirements of raw materials should be indicate the storage condition and shelf life. 7.2 influence the health quality of raw materials should have the corresponding inspection report or certificate material, need for microbiological monitoring and take appropriate measures when necessary. 7.3 health supplies to ban the use of waste as raw materials or semi-finished products. 8 production process environmental and health requirements 8.1 production environment should be clean, no garbage, no mosquitoes, flies and other insects breeding grounds. 8.2 production area should have enough space to meet the production needs, the layout must conform to the requirements of the production process, reasonable separation, people, things, not converse with cross in the product process. Raw materials into finished products should be out pollution prevention measures and strict operational procedures, reduce environmental microbial contamination. 8.3 production area should configure effective dust, insects and rodents, floor, walls, countertops, should level off, smooth, no dust, easy to dust removing and cleaning and disinfection, plenty of lighting and air disinfection or purification measures, to ensure the production environment to meet the provisions of chapter 5 of this standard. 8.4 configure the necessary production and quality inspection equipment, has a complete production and inspection records, to ensure the quality of health products. 8.5 in the process of production use of inflammable, explosive or produce harmful substances, must be equipped with the appropriate safety protective measures, in conformity with the relevant standards or regulations of the state. 8.6 raw materials and finished products shall be stacked separately and waiting for inspection, qualified and unqualified raw materials and finished products should be set strictly separate pile up and clearly marked. Warehouse should be dry, clean and ventilated, fortify insect, rat facilities and pad storehouse board, conform to the product storage condition. 8.7 enter the production area you want to change work clothes and work shoes, wear working cap, products without direct contact of personnel need to wear a face mask, wash and disinfect hands or gloves; Production area should be corresponding with the locker room before, sink, disinfection and buffer pool. 8.8 personnel engaged in health supplies production should keep personal hygiene, not nails, don't wear the bracelet work, long hair should be within the working cap. , active tuberculosis, dysentery, typhoid, viral hepatitis patients with genital warts, gonorrhea, suppurative or exudative dermatosis or pathogen carriers shall not participate in direct contact with the product of the production activities. 8.9 personnel engaged in health supplies production should be in before work and on a regular basis (once a year) for health inspection and health knowledge (including the production of hygiene, personal hygiene, relevant standards and norms) training, eligible before mount guard.
9 disinfection process requirements: 9.1 level disinfection products eventually disinfection must adopt epoxy ethane, ionizing radiation or the effective disinfection method, such as pressure steam sterilization equipment used must conform to the relevant health standard. 9.2 according to the product health standard bacteria, and the disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standard for disinfection procedures, technical parameters, working system, in strict accordance with the established after verified the disinfection of process operations. The disinfection procedures, technical parameters, or influence the effect of disinfection after the raw material or production process change should revalidate the disinfection process is determined. 9.3 each corresponding to the disinfection process must be carried out (physical) and chemical tracer monitoring technology, a month with the corresponding biological monitoring indicator, only when the process monitoring, chemical monitoring and biological monitoring to specified requirements when being sterilized items to the factory. 9.4 product after disinfection treatment, appearance and performance should be no visible difference before and disinfection treatment. Packaging, transport and storage requirements: 10.1 implementation of the health supplies for transportation or storage unit or individual, should be in strict accordance with the producers to provide transportation and storage requirements for transportation or storage. 10.2 direct contact with the product packaging materials must be non-toxic and harmless, clean and all packaging materials products must have the enough sealing and firmly in order to guarantee the product in normal transportation and storage conditions without pollution. 11 product identification requirements: 11.1 product identification shall conform to the product quality law of the People's Republic of China "regulation, and on the product packaging marked implementation of the health standard number and production date and shelf life (validity) or production batch number and date of limited use. 11.2 level disinfection products should also be specified on the sales packaging and sterilization "sterilization" date and the period of validity or disinfection blackout dates, batch number and mark the wording of "sterilization" in the transport packaging and sterilizing unit and the address, date and validity of sterilization, disinfection or sterilization lot number and date of limited use. Disposable sanitary articles published national health standard of the People's Republic of China national standard disposable hygiene products health standard GB 15979-2002. 1 scope: this standard specifies the disposable sanitary products products and production environment hygiene standards and disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standards and the corresponding test methods, as well as raw materials and products production, sterilization, storage, transportation and health requirements and product identification requirements. In this standard, disposable hygiene products refers to: this standard is applicable to domestic engaged in disposable hygiene products production and sales departments, units or individuals that applies to the distribution of import of disposable sanitary products department, unit or individual. 2 reference standards: the following standards contain provision which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised, the use of the standard of the parties should discuss the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the following standards. GB 15981-15981 disinfection and sterilization effects evaluation method and standard.
Definition 3: this standard USES the following definition: disposable hygiene products. Which are discarded, and after using a direct or indirect contact with human body, and to achieve human physiological health or health care (antibacterial and bacteriostatic) purpose and use of all kinds of daily necessities, product character can be solid or liquid. For example, disposable gloves or finger cot (not including medical gloves or finger cot), paper towels, wet wipes, sanitary towel, phone film, hats, masks, underwear, women's menstrual health supplies (including sanitary pads) hygiene products, diapers and other waste (not including wrinkle toilet paper and toilet paper), condoms, etc., in the middle of this standard is referred to as "health products". 4 product health indicators: 4.1 must be clean and tidy appearance, accords with the inherent traits of sanitary products, can not have abnormal odour and foreign body. 4.2 May not produce undesirable stimulation to the skin and mucous membrane with allergic reactions and other damage. 4.3 microbiology indicators in the product shall conform to table 1. Product species bacteria microbial indicators in table 1 cfu/g 1) total number of bacterial colonies cfu/g or cfu/mL total coliforms pathogenic purulent bacteria 2) fungal colony cfu/g or cfu/mL of gloves or gloves, paper towels, wet towels, hats, underwear, phone film. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 antimicrobial or less (or antimicrobial) liquid products shall not detected detected 200 or less or less 100 hygiene wipes. 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the mask..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected detected women menstrual health supplies..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the diaper, etc waste sanitary products..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out condoms. 20 or less shall not detected detected bacteria may not be detected 1) such as more than the value in table, should be raised corresponding kill index, made of bacteria and fungi limits stipulated in this standard. 2) pathogenic purulent bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus. 4.4 hygiene wipes besides must meet the microbiological criteria in table 1, the rate of killing escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus 90% or higher, to indicate the role of fungi, still must kill rate of 90% or higher for candida albicans, its bactericidal action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 antibacterial (or antimicrobial) products must meet the same kind of products at the same level in table 1 microbiology standards, for e. coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial rate shall be 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), to indicate the role of fungi, still must bacteriostatic rates of candida albicans 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), its bacteriostatic action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 any sanitary products factory by ethylene oxide sterilization, ethylene oxide residues must be 250 or less mu g/g. 5 production environment health indicators: 5.1 the total number of bacterial colonies in assembly and packing workshop air should be 2 or less 500 cfu/m3. 5.2 total number of bacterial colonies of workbench surface should be 20 or less cfu/cm2. 5.3 total number of bacterial colonies of workers hand surface should be 300 cfu/hands or less, and may not be detected pathogenic bacteria. 6 6.1 ethylene oxide sterilization, disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation of bacillus subtilis variant of bacillus black (ATCC 9372) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.2 ionizing radiation disinfection: the short bacillus spores E6d (ATCC 27142) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.3 pressure steam sterilization: fat thermophilic bacillus spores (ATCC 7953) kill index should be 103 or higher. 7 raw materials of health requirements: 7.1 raw materials should be non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting; Raw materials, packaging shall be clean, indicate the name of the inclusions, production units, production date or batch number; Affect the sanitary quality of raw materials should not be exposed; Have special requirements of raw materials should be indicate the storage condition and shelf life. 7.2 influence the health quality of raw materials should have the corresponding inspection report or certificate material, need for microbiological monitoring and take appropriate measures when necessary. 7.3 health supplies to ban the use of waste as raw materials or semi-finished products. 8 production process environmental and health requirements 8.1 production environment should be clean, no garbage, no mosquitoes, flies and other insects breeding grounds. 8.2 production area should have enough space to meet the production needs, the layout must conform to the requirements of the production process, reasonable separation, people, things, not converse with cross in the product process. Raw materials into finished products should be out pollution prevention measures and strict operational procedures, reduce environmental microbial contamination. 8.3 production area should configure effective dust, insects and rodents, floor, walls, countertops, should level off, smooth, no dust, easy to dust removing and cleaning and disinfection, plenty of lighting and air disinfection or purification measures, to ensure the production environment to meet the provisions of chapter 5 of this standard. 8.4 configure the necessary production and quality inspection equipment, has a complete production and inspection records, to ensure the quality of health products. 8.5 in the process of production use of inflammable, explosive or produce harmful substances, must be equipped with the appropriate safety protective measures, in conformity with the relevant standards or regulations of the state. 8.6 raw materials and finished products shall be stacked separately and waiting for inspection, qualified and unqualified raw materials and finished products should be set strictly separate pile up and clearly marked. Warehouse should be dry, clean and ventilated, fortify insect, rat facilities and pad storehouse board, conform to the product storage condition. 8.7 enter the production area you want to change work clothes and work shoes, wear working cap, products without direct contact of personnel need to wear a face mask, wash and disinfect hands or gloves; Production area should be corresponding with the locker room before, sink, disinfection and buffer pool. 8.8 personnel engaged in health supplies production should keep personal hygiene, not nails, at work
11 product identification requirements: 11.1 product identification shall conform to the product quality law of the People's Republic of China "regulation, and on the product packaging marked implementation of the health standard number and production date and shelf life (validity) or production batch number and date of limited use. 11.2 level disinfection products should also be specified on the sales packaging and sterilization "sterilization" date and the period of validity or disinfection blackout dates, batch number and mark the wording of "sterilization" in the transport packaging and sterilizing unit and the address, date and validity of sterilization, disinfection or sterilization lot number and date of limited use.
Junk: large and medium-sized cities of garbage disposal have now become unbearable, throwing disposable supplies run out, can quickly generate a large number of garbage, virtually increased the burden. More worthy of attention is abandoned disposable medical supplies, processing is bad to the harm of the society. Such as: medical waste were used in the production of recycled plastic, recycled plastic is used in the production of beverage barrels, edible oil drum or medical waste was recycled packaging reflux back directly to the market etc. Phenomenon is not rare. Environmental destruction, resource waste, disposable lunch boxes, plastic products such as syringes, infusion sets, mostly in the form of oil terminal products, and the consumption of disposable chopsticks is the forest resources. As China's 1.3 billion people per year using 10 pairs of 20 g, disposable chopsticks would otherwise throw away each year 520000 tons of wood, threw out 5.2 million tons of wood to 10 years, the convert forest is how many? How much waste is caused by all disposable goods? Why China consumes only a third of the world resources to create about 4% of world output, which is one of the reasons. Increase the cost of living: 5 yuan a can use bowl 5000 times (about five years), its use cost only 0.1 cents each, and the use of disposable lunch box 0.2 yuan a cost is it 200 times. By excessive use of disposable medical consumables and see a doctor on one of the major difficulty and high cost. How to deal with the use of disposable supplies one-time supplies did not achieve the purpose of the people, and have brought many serious problems, it's more harm than good, in the long run is bound to affect the sustainable development of social economy, and our proposed the construction of the economical goal of harmonious society is harmonious. Therefore, in addition to some environmental protection (such as straw production of biodegradable disposable lunch box) and beneficial to society truly (such as heart stents, arteriovenous catheter, etc.) of disposable supplies shall reserve, those not environmental protection, waste of resources of disposable supplies, the government should firmly stop, media and the public should also loudly said "no". Generally half of disposable tableware is unqualified, easy cause cancer disease, serious harm human health chopsticks more white toxicity is larger in the near future he along with quality control, industrial and commercial departments of some manufacturers of disposable plastic lunch boxes, food bowls were tested, the test found that some manufacturers use raw materials were unexpectedly abandoned plastic, at the same time, also added a large amounts of harmful material such as disable industrial paraffin goverment. In his recently visited more than 100 enterprises, 60% of production is inferior tableware, 20% are qualified and half inferior products, many manufacturers of talcum powder, calcium carbonate is added in the products such as over 50%, resulting in tableware in the acetic acid exceeds bid badly. Turn a bubble with hot water, microwave oven, a food even slightly higher temperature, harmful substances will be dissolved in food, long-term consumption can lead to indigestion, gallstones and lesions in the liver system, etc. If tableware contains industrial paraffin wax, and may even cause cancer. You need to pay attention to the tableware is harmful main features: touch soft and light tear is broken, a pungent smell and choke, thermal deformation and leakage. But, disposable plastic tableware for joining the large number of talcum powder filler, cut up the thrown into the water will sink, ten percent will appear white print. Disposable sanitary articles published national health standard of the People's Republic of China national standard disposable hygiene products health standard GB 15979-2002. 1 scope: this standard specifies the disposable sanitary products products and production environment hygiene standards and disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standards and the corresponding test methods, as well as raw materials and products production, sterilization, storage, transportation and health requirements and product identification requirements. In this standard, disposable hygiene products refers to: this standard is applicable to domestic engaged in disposable hygiene products production and sales departments, units or individuals that applies to the distribution of import of disposable sanitary products department, unit or individual. 2 reference standards: the following standards contain provision which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised, the use of the standard of the parties should discuss the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the following standards. GB 15981-15981 disinfection and sterilization effects evaluation method and standard.
Definition 3: this standard USES the following definition: disposable hygiene products. Which are discarded, and after using a direct or indirect contact with human body, and to achieve human physiological health or health care (antibacterial and bacteriostatic) purpose and use of all kinds of daily necessities, product character can be solid or liquid. For example, disposable gloves or finger cot (not including medical gloves or finger cot), paper towels, wet wipes, sanitary towel, phone film, hats, masks, underwear, women's menstrual health supplies (including sanitary pads) hygiene products, diapers and other waste (not including wrinkle toilet paper and toilet paper), condoms, etc., in the middle of this standard is referred to as "health products". 4 product health indicators: 4.1 must be clean and tidy appearance, accords with the inherent traits of sanitary products, can not have abnormal odour and foreign body. 4.2 May not produce undesirable stimulation to the skin and mucous membrane with allergic reactions and other damage. 4.3 microbiology indicators in the product shall conform to table 1. Product species bacteria microbial indicators in table 1 cfu/g 1) total number of bacterial colonies cfu/g or cfu/mL total coliforms pathogenic purulent bacteria 2) fungal colony cfu/g or cfu/mL of gloves or gloves, paper towels, wet towels, hats, underwear, phone film. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 antimicrobial or less (or antimicrobial) liquid products shall not detected detected 200 or less or less 100 hygiene wipes. 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the mask..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected detected women menstrual health supplies..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the diaper, etc waste sanitary products..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out condoms. 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out
1) bacteria such as more than the value in table, should be increased accordingly to kill index, made of bacteria and fungi limits stipulated in this standard. 2) pathogenic purulent bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus. 4.4 hygiene wipes besides must meet the microbiological criteria in table 1, the rate of killing escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus 90% or higher, to indicate the role of fungi, still must kill rate of 90% or higher for candida albicans, its bactericidal action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 antibacterial (or antimicrobial) products must meet the same kind of products at the same level in table 1 microbiology standards, for e. coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial rate shall be 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), to indicate the role of fungi, still must bacteriostatic rates of candida albicans 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), its bacteriostatic action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 any sanitary products factory by ethylene oxide sterilization, ethylene oxide residues must be 250 or less mu g/g. 5 production environment health indicators: 5.1 the total number of bacterial colonies in assembly and packing workshop air should be 2 or less 500 cfu/m3. 5.2 total number of bacterial colonies of workbench surface should be 20 or less cfu/cm2. 5.3 total number of bacterial colonies of workers hand surface should be 300 cfu/hands or less, and may not be detected pathogenic bacteria. 6 6.1 ethylene oxide sterilization, disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation of bacillus subtilis variant of bacillus black (ATCC 9372) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.2 ionizing radiation disinfection: the short bacillus spores E6d (ATCC 27142) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.3 pressure steam sterilization: fat thermophilic bacillus spores (ATCC 7953) kill index should be 103 or higher. 7 raw materials of health requirements: 7.1 raw materials should be non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting; Raw materials, packaging shall be clean, indicate the name of the inclusions, production units, production date or batch number; Affect the sanitary quality of raw materials should not be exposed; Have special requirements of raw materials should be indicate the storage condition and shelf life. 7.2 influence the health quality of raw materials should have the corresponding inspection report or certificate material, need for microbiological monitoring and take appropriate measures when necessary. 7.3 health supplies to ban the use of waste as raw materials or semi-finished products. 8 production process environmental and health requirements 8.1 production environment should be clean, no garbage, no mosquitoes, flies and other insects breeding grounds. 8.2 production area should have enough space to meet the production needs, the layout must conform to the requirements of the production process, reasonable separation, people, things, not converse with cross in the product process. Raw materials into finished products should be out pollution prevention measures and strict operational procedures, reduce environmental microbial contamination. 8.3 production area should configure effective dust, insects and rodents, floor, walls, countertops, should level off, smooth, no dust, easy to dust removing and cleaning and disinfection, plenty of lighting and air disinfection or purification measures, to ensure the production environment to meet the provisions of chapter 5 of this standard. 8.4 configure the necessary production and quality inspection equipment, has a complete production and inspection records, to ensure the quality of health products. 8.5 in the process of production use of inflammable, explosive or produce harmful substances, must be equipped with the appropriate safety protective measures, in conformity with the relevant standards or regulations of the state. 8.6 raw materials and finished products shall be stacked separately and waiting for inspection, qualified and unqualified raw materials and finished products should be set strictly separate pile up and clearly marked. Warehouse should be dry, clean and ventilated, fortify insect, rat facilities and pad storehouse board, conform to the product storage condition. 8.7 enter the production area you want to change work clothes and work shoes, wear working cap, products without direct contact of personnel need to wear a face mask, wash and disinfect hands or gloves; Production area should be corresponding with the locker room before, sink, disinfection and buffer pool. 8.8 personnel engaged in health supplies production should keep personal hygiene, not nails, don't wear the bracelet work, long hair should be within the working cap. , active tuberculosis, dysentery, typhoid, viral hepatitis patients with genital warts, gonorrhea, suppurative or exudative dermatosis or pathogen carriers shall not participate in direct contact with the product of the production activities. 8.9 personnel engaged in health supplies production should be in before work and on a regular basis (once a year) for health inspection and health knowledge (including the production of hygiene, personal hygiene, relevant standards and norms) training, eligible before mount guard.
9 disinfection process requirements: 9.1 level disinfection products eventually disinfection must adopt epoxy ethane, ionizing radiation or the effective disinfection method, such as pressure steam sterilization equipment used must conform to the relevant health standard. 9.2 according to the product health standard bacteria, and the disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standard for disinfection procedures, technical parameters, working system, in strict accordance with the established after verified the disinfection of process operations. The disinfection procedures, technical parameters, or influence the effect of disinfection after the raw material or production process change should revalidate the disinfection process is determined. 9.3 each corresponding to the disinfection process must be carried out (physical) and chemical tracer monitoring technology, a month with the corresponding biological monitoring indicator, only when the process monitoring, chemical monitoring and biological monitoring to specified requirements when being sterilized items to the factory. 9.4 product after disinfection treatment, appearance and performance should be no visible difference before and disinfection treatment. Packaging, transport and storage requirements: 10.1 implementation of the health supplies for transportation or storage unit or individual, should be in strict accordance with the producers to provide transportation and storage requirements for transportation or storage. 10.2 direct contact with the product packaging materials must be non-toxic and harmless, clean and all packaging materials products must have the enough sealing and firmly in order to guarantee the product in normal transportation and storage conditions without pollution. 11 product identification requirements: 11.1 product identification shall conform to the product quality law of the People's Republic of China "regulation, and on the product packaging marked implementation of the health standard number and production date and shelf life (validity) or production batch number and date of limited use. 11.2 level disinfection products should also be specified on the sales packaging and sterilization "sterilization" date and the period of validity or disinfection blackout dates, batch number and mark the wording of "sterilization" in the transport packaging and sterilizing unit and the address, date and validity of sterilization, disinfection or sterilization lot number and date of limited use. Disposable sanitary articles published national health standard of the People's Republic of China national standard disposable hygiene products health standard GB 15979-2002. 1 scope: this standard specifies the disposable sanitary products products and production environment hygiene standards and disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation standards and the corresponding test methods, as well as raw materials and products production, sterilization, storage, transportation and health requirements and product identification requirements. In this standard, disposable hygiene products refers to: this standard is applicable to domestic engaged in disposable hygiene products production and sales departments, units or individuals that applies to the distribution of import of disposable sanitary products department, unit or individual. 2 reference standards: the following standards contain provision which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised, the use of the standard of the parties should discuss the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the following standards. GB 15981-15981 disinfection and sterilization effects evaluation method and standard.
Definition 3: this standard USES the following definition: disposable hygiene products. Which are discarded, and after using a direct or indirect contact with human body, and to achieve human physiological health or health care (antibacterial and bacteriostatic) purpose and use of all kinds of daily necessities, product character can be solid or liquid. For example, disposable gloves or finger cot (not including medical gloves or finger cot), paper towels, wet wipes, sanitary towel, phone film, hats, masks, underwear, women's menstrual health supplies (including sanitary pads) hygiene products, diapers and other waste (not including wrinkle toilet paper and toilet paper), condoms, etc., in the middle of this standard is referred to as "health products". 4 product health indicators: 4.1 must be clean and tidy appearance, accords with the inherent traits of sanitary products, can not have abnormal odour and foreign body. 4.2 May not produce undesirable stimulation to the skin and mucous membrane with allergic reactions and other damage. 4.3 microbiology indicators in the product shall conform to table 1. Product species bacteria microbial indicators in table 1 cfu/g 1) total number of bacterial colonies cfu/g or cfu/mL total coliforms pathogenic purulent bacteria 2) fungal colony cfu/g or cfu/mL of gloves or gloves, paper towels, wet towels, hats, underwear, phone film. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 antimicrobial or less (or antimicrobial) liquid products shall not detected detected 200 or less or less 100 hygiene wipes. 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the mask..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected detected women menstrual health supplies..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected shall check out of the diaper, etc waste sanitary products..... o-level. 200 or less shall not detected detected 100 disinfection level 10, 000 or less or less 20 or less shall not detected detected may not be checked out condoms. 20 or less shall not detected detected bacteria may not be detected 1) such as more than the value in table, should be raised corresponding kill index, made of bacteria and fungi limits stipulated in this standard. 2) pathogenic purulent bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus. 4.4 hygiene wipes besides must meet the microbiological criteria in table 1, the rate of killing escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus 90% or higher, to indicate the role of fungi, still must kill rate of 90% or higher for candida albicans, its bactericidal action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 antibacterial (or antimicrobial) products must meet the same kind of products at the same level in table 1 microbiology standards, for e. coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial rate shall be 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), to indicate the role of fungi, still must bacteriostatic rates of candida albicans 50% or higher (dissolution) or > 26% (non dissolution), its bacteriostatic action must keep at least 1 year at room temperature. 4.5 any sanitary products factory by ethylene oxide sterilization, ethylene oxide residues must be 250 or less mu g/g. 5 production environment health indicators: 5.1 the total number of bacterial colonies in assembly and packing workshop air should be 2 or less 500 cfu/m3. 5.2 total number of bacterial colonies of workbench surface should be 20 or less cfu/cm2. 5.3 total number of bacterial colonies of workers hand surface should be 300 cfu/hands or less, and may not be detected pathogenic bacteria. 6 6.1 ethylene oxide sterilization, disinfection effect of biological monitoring and evaluation of bacillus subtilis variant of bacillus black (ATCC 9372) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.2 ionizing radiation disinfection: the short bacillus spores E6d (ATCC 27142) kill index should be 103 or higher. 6.3 pressure steam sterilization: fat thermophilic bacillus spores (ATCC 7953) kill index should be 103 or higher. 7 raw materials of health requirements: 7.1 raw materials should be non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting; Raw materials, packaging shall be clean, indicate the name of the inclusions, production units, production date or batch number; Affect the sanitary quality of raw materials should not be exposed; Have special requirements of raw materials should be indicate the storage condition and shelf life. 7.2 influence the health quality of raw materials should have the corresponding inspection report or certificate material, need for microbiological monitoring and take appropriate measures when necessary. 7.3 health supplies to ban the use of waste as raw materials or semi-finished products. 8 production process environmental and health requirements 8.1 production environment should be clean, no garbage, no mosquitoes, flies and other insects breeding grounds. 8.2 production area should have enough space to meet the production needs, the layout must conform to the requirements of the production process, reasonable separation, people, things, not converse with cross in the product process. Raw materials into finished products should be out pollution prevention measures and strict operational procedures, reduce environmental microbial contamination. 8.3 production area should configure effective dust, insects and rodents, floor, walls, countertops, should level off, smooth, no dust, easy to dust removing and cleaning and disinfection, plenty of lighting and air disinfection or purification measures, to ensure the production environment to meet the provisions of chapter 5 of this standard. 8.4 configure the necessary production and quality inspection equipment, has a complete production and inspection records, to ensure the quality of health products. 8.5 in the process of production use of inflammable, explosive or produce harmful substances, must be equipped with the appropriate safety protective measures, in conformity with the relevant standards or regulations of the state. 8.6 raw materials and finished products shall be stacked separately and waiting for inspection, qualified and unqualified raw materials and finished products should be set strictly separate pile up and clearly marked. Warehouse should be dry, clean and ventilated, fortify insect, rat facilities and pad storehouse board, conform to the product storage condition. 8.7 enter the production area you want to change work clothes and work shoes, wear working cap, products without direct contact of personnel need to wear a face mask, wash and disinfect hands or gloves; Production area should be corresponding with the locker room before, sink, disinfection and buffer pool. 8.8 personnel engaged in health supplies production should keep personal hygiene, not nails, at work
11 product identification requirements: 11.1 product identification shall conform to the product quality law of the People's Republic of China "regulation, and on the product packaging marked implementation of the health standard number and production date and shelf life (validity) or production batch number and date of limited use. 11.2 level disinfection products should also be specified on the sales packaging and sterilization "sterilization" date and the period of validity or disinfection blackout dates, batch number and mark the wording of "sterilization" in the transport packaging and sterilizing unit and the address, date and validity of sterilization, disinfection or sterilization lot number and date of limited use.
2013年5月31日星期五
With disposable syringe nasal irrigation, can use repeatedly
No, it is disposable syringes. The repeated use of the bacterial growth, with the bad.
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Disposable syringe can waste processing what else products
Cannot, because disposable syringes have been national ministry of health, environmental protection as a hazardous waste list, after is to use specialized storage, transportation and strict disinfection, and burned down by specialized enterprise, health, environmental protection two departments in the whole process of strict regulation, outflow of take-away, discarded, acquisition of disorderly throw, recycling, processing production, it is illegal against the law.
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Hangzhou where there is sell disposable syringe
Patient information: female, 28, zhejiang hangzhou condition description (onset time, main symptoms) : ready to do test tube now plays progesterone after transplant said every day the best so progesterone in bed at home how do want to let the husband to play at home trying to get help: where to buy disposable syringes were no sales of outpatient service drugstore urgent!!!!!!!!!!!!
Hello, the above situation can be choose to buy complete place of progesterone injection syringe, hope you don't there is pressure, generally is the clinic can buy, if not, will go to the hospital to buy.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
Hello, the above situation can be choose to buy complete place of progesterone injection syringe, hope you don't there is pressure, generally is the clinic can buy, if not, will go to the hospital to buy.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
2013年5月30日星期四
Dosage form innovation bring gonadorelin polypeptide drugs market
Current clinical polypeptide drugs mainly through injection drug delivery. Dosage form for injection, suspension injection and commonly booster injection, etc. And the new injection drug delivery systems including controlled release microspheres injection, injection with implants, infusion pump, dosing system and the dosage of PEG system, etc.
Announced on September 22, astrazeneca PLC's Reid (generic name: goserelin acetate) 10.8 mg officially listed in China. It is a long-acting slow-release implant dose in March, and will provide more convenience for prostate cancer patients, economic treatment.
Gonadorelin drugs refers to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure on the basis of a large family of synthetic polypeptide drugs, known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is generated. When exogenous GnRH or its analogues in physiological pulse frequency every 90 min (l), the short-term small doses on pituitary gonad system, clinical treatment for sexual function is low, not ovulation, symptoms such as delay puberty; Instead of physiological pulse frequency to long-term, large doses can inhibit pituitary secretion of LH and FSH, led to the decrease of the secretion of gonadal hormone ability and genitals atrophy, clinical treatment for some hormone-dependent diseases, such as prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, breast cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty.
LHRH analogues of metastatic prostate cancer endocrine therapy is the preferred first-line chemical castration drugs, according to m Intranet - 2011 competition, according to the endocrine treatment goserelin and QuPu gonadorelin market share rank.
Polypeptide drugs dosage is small, but need to for a long time, it offered opportunities for innovative dosage forms. Slow-release microsphere technique is to drug coating in microspheres carrier, through the skin or muscle, slow drug release, change of transport process, prolong action time. Listed for the first time is the development of French Ipsen company QuPu gonadorelin slow-release microspheres, went public in 1986. Implants were divided into non injectable implants and injectable implants and injectable implants is through the way to deliver drugs into the surgery, and drugs can slow and even after a long time to release, birth control pills are commonly used this method at present. Is injected into agent mixed with PLGA melt, and then by porous device into strips, cutting into a certain length of 1 mm or so, after the sterilization load special disposable syringes. Direct subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, clinical drug along with the degradation of skeleton material and give play to the role of long-acting release. Injectable implants without like non injectable implants need surgery into or take out, easy to use, simple preparation. And infusion pump dosing system controlled by computer can do it for a long time, accurate delivery, is a kind of safe and effective for treatment of chronic diseases medicine approach. With PEG (polyethylene glycol) modified compound process called PEG, protein and polypeptide drugs combined with PEG of different molecular weight and structure, solubility and stability increases, immunogenicity and toxicity can be reduced, the body obviously prolong half-life, drug treatment index increase, the effect is better. The infusion pump drug delivery systems due to the expensive, it is not convenient to use, there is no related products listed in our country, the rest three have the product listed. In only the first two polypeptide drug dosage form.
Table 1 class gonadorelin polypeptide drugs already on the market in our country innovative dosage forms
Drug name light c gonadorelin QuPu gonadorelin goserelin
Controlled release dosage form microspheres agent slow-release implants
Domestic manufacturer Shanghai method shows Beijing / / burns
Takeda Germany hui ling foreign manufacturer astrazeneca
For chronic diseases patients require long-term treatment, drug price and application is convenient or not is you most concerned about two aspects. Is QuPu gonadorelin, injection, the average is 0.1 mg/teams, usage of once-daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg, seven day in a row, then 0.1 mg, 1 times a day as a maintenance dose; Controlled release agent, the specifications of 3.75 mg/teams, usage for subcutaneous injection once every 4 weeks. Ordinary injection price is 80 yuan /, 1850 yuan/controlled release agent. From the point of long-term treatment, innovative dosage form can save money for patients and easy to be accepted. In adapt to market development, astrazeneca company is thoughtful, even as its specification is 3.6 mg noriega to goserelin slow-release implants (acetic acid), already in the endocrine treatment market, has now launched the sustainable of the specifications of the drug release three months, on the basis of equivalent with the original specifications, tolerance is better, less injection time, and monthly cost of treatment can save up to 23%. It is definitely a better choice for patients.
The long-acting formulations has thousand of benefits, but m Intranet drug approval according to the domestic enterprises for the lack of power, investigate its reason is various. At present our country is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading of enterprise, innovation is the enterprise products and upgrades. But the status quo is occupied by a foreign high-end field, low-grade product profit is not big, and most companies still at a low level repetition. How to innovate and upgrade of how the product manufacturer is not just a thing, in relation to the whole industrial chain. As the above slow-release microspheres and slow-release implants, a high requirement on the material, and as a preparation for manufacturer's upstream accessories manufacturers due to various reasons, the injection level of related accessories approved hard, causing domestic basic out of stock, and imported accessories and more expensive, which dampened the enthusiasm of domestic pharmaceutical r &d and production enterprises. How to make products with high added value, get rid of the phenomenon of low water to repeat always, need more efforts to encourage innovation, and government work together to achieve the whole industry chain.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
Announced on September 22, astrazeneca PLC's Reid (generic name: goserelin acetate) 10.8 mg officially listed in China. It is a long-acting slow-release implant dose in March, and will provide more convenience for prostate cancer patients, economic treatment.
Gonadorelin drugs refers to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure on the basis of a large family of synthetic polypeptide drugs, known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is generated. When exogenous GnRH or its analogues in physiological pulse frequency every 90 min (l), the short-term small doses on pituitary gonad system, clinical treatment for sexual function is low, not ovulation, symptoms such as delay puberty; Instead of physiological pulse frequency to long-term, large doses can inhibit pituitary secretion of LH and FSH, led to the decrease of the secretion of gonadal hormone ability and genitals atrophy, clinical treatment for some hormone-dependent diseases, such as prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, breast cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty.
LHRH analogues of metastatic prostate cancer endocrine therapy is the preferred first-line chemical castration drugs, according to m Intranet - 2011 competition, according to the endocrine treatment goserelin and QuPu gonadorelin market share rank.
Polypeptide drugs dosage is small, but need to for a long time, it offered opportunities for innovative dosage forms. Slow-release microsphere technique is to drug coating in microspheres carrier, through the skin or muscle, slow drug release, change of transport process, prolong action time. Listed for the first time is the development of French Ipsen company QuPu gonadorelin slow-release microspheres, went public in 1986. Implants were divided into non injectable implants and injectable implants and injectable implants is through the way to deliver drugs into the surgery, and drugs can slow and even after a long time to release, birth control pills are commonly used this method at present. Is injected into agent mixed with PLGA melt, and then by porous device into strips, cutting into a certain length of 1 mm or so, after the sterilization load special disposable syringes. Direct subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, clinical drug along with the degradation of skeleton material and give play to the role of long-acting release. Injectable implants without like non injectable implants need surgery into or take out, easy to use, simple preparation. And infusion pump dosing system controlled by computer can do it for a long time, accurate delivery, is a kind of safe and effective for treatment of chronic diseases medicine approach. With PEG (polyethylene glycol) modified compound process called PEG, protein and polypeptide drugs combined with PEG of different molecular weight and structure, solubility and stability increases, immunogenicity and toxicity can be reduced, the body obviously prolong half-life, drug treatment index increase, the effect is better. The infusion pump drug delivery systems due to the expensive, it is not convenient to use, there is no related products listed in our country, the rest three have the product listed. In only the first two polypeptide drug dosage form.
Table 1 class gonadorelin polypeptide drugs already on the market in our country innovative dosage forms
Drug name light c gonadorelin QuPu gonadorelin goserelin
Controlled release dosage form microspheres agent slow-release implants
Domestic manufacturer Shanghai method shows Beijing / / burns
Takeda Germany hui ling foreign manufacturer astrazeneca
For chronic diseases patients require long-term treatment, drug price and application is convenient or not is you most concerned about two aspects. Is QuPu gonadorelin, injection, the average is 0.1 mg/teams, usage of once-daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg, seven day in a row, then 0.1 mg, 1 times a day as a maintenance dose; Controlled release agent, the specifications of 3.75 mg/teams, usage for subcutaneous injection once every 4 weeks. Ordinary injection price is 80 yuan /, 1850 yuan/controlled release agent. From the point of long-term treatment, innovative dosage form can save money for patients and easy to be accepted. In adapt to market development, astrazeneca company is thoughtful, even as its specification is 3.6 mg noriega to goserelin slow-release implants (acetic acid), already in the endocrine treatment market, has now launched the sustainable of the specifications of the drug release three months, on the basis of equivalent with the original specifications, tolerance is better, less injection time, and monthly cost of treatment can save up to 23%. It is definitely a better choice for patients.
The long-acting formulations has thousand of benefits, but m Intranet drug approval according to the domestic enterprises for the lack of power, investigate its reason is various. At present our country is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading of enterprise, innovation is the enterprise products and upgrades. But the status quo is occupied by a foreign high-end field, low-grade product profit is not big, and most companies still at a low level repetition. How to innovate and upgrade of how the product manufacturer is not just a thing, in relation to the whole industrial chain. As the above slow-release microspheres and slow-release implants, a high requirement on the material, and as a preparation for manufacturer's upstream accessories manufacturers due to various reasons, the injection level of related accessories approved hard, causing domestic basic out of stock, and imported accessories and more expensive, which dampened the enthusiasm of domestic pharmaceutical r &d and production enterprises. How to make products with high added value, get rid of the phenomenon of low water to repeat always, need more efforts to encourage innovation, and government work together to achieve the whole industry chain.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
Yangzhou 2011 floating children (including migrant children) management work summary
Yangzhou is located in the middle of jiangsu province, the Yangtze river in the south, the north huai water, bordering on taizhou east, the west and neighbouring anhui tianchang county and liuhe district, nanjing city, penetration in the beijing-hangzhou grand canal, is the Yangtze river delta important foreign open city and tourism city.
In recent years, with the development of social economy, runyang bridge and railway station of the new opening, floating population, especially there is an upward trend in rural migrant migrant workers, migrant children have become immune planning management work of the difficulties and hot issues. To carry our city floating children immunization planning work, improve the floating children immunization coverage and quality of immunization services. We have done some work, summarized as follows:
A basic situation, the floating children
According to immunization programme in the city in 2005-2010 annual report, the our city floating children five years a total of 28932 people, more than 4822 people per year on average, about 14% of the total number of JianKa children throughout the year. Including 24729 inflow, outflow of 4203 children, migrant children mainly inflows. Floating children JianKa, card rate more than 95% on average, "four miao" qualified coverage for more than 85% on average.
November 1, 2011-4336 floating children, JianKa rate, card rate 100%, according to China's national immunization planning immunization programme monitoring information management system's routine vaccination report statistics, this year October 1 - flow school-age children vaccine immunization planning routine immunization coverage in the city, respectively, 99.97%, 99.97% of the BCG vaccine, hepatitis b vaccine, polio vaccine immunization, DPT, measles vaccine immunization 99.86% 99.87% to 99.86%, A group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine is 99.87% 99.84%, je vaccine immunization, polio vaccine, strengthen immunity, DPT to strengthen immune 99.86%, white 99.82% broken bigeminal vaccine, ma gills wind 99.89% 99.42%, and A + C group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine is 99.79% 99.79%, 2, 1 needle, je vaccine strengthen immunization was 99.75%, hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis b vaccine uptake rates first stitch in time 99.86% and 97.98%.
After investigation, the crux of the floating children management difficult: one is the liquid flowing children, base number is not easy to understand; Second, lower cultural quality of the floating children parents, epi knowledge awareness is low, the consciousness of active immunity in service is poor; Three is grassroots FangBao doctor to do a good job lack of confidence, the management of the floating children have difficulties.
Second, the main methods:
1, understanding of the basic number of the floating children, to master the dynamic flow of children
(1) the vaccination units active and on the street (village), the local police station, market management department, director of the women, urban management, family planning cadres, such as exchange of information department or a responsible person, dynamic, timely grasp of the floating population residential to strengthen cooperation with education departments, earnestly kindergarten entrance child vaccination certificate inspection work, ensure that migrant children a not leak;
FangBao personnel at the grass-roots level (2) at least once a month by local police station, r (village) committee, security, rural doctors to communicate, understand the floating children moved out, immigration, and to the area to visit verification, implementing sharding responsibility, responsibility to the people, take the initiative to search new ingoing flow school-age children, timely registration, three months to live with children to establish vaccination card, and children's movements form the birth month report flow (including children) "report step by step;
(3) every year, also used to eliminate polio vaccines against measles immunization and activities, a survey on children flow again touch bottom, floating children active search and discovery. Such as 2010/2011 polio strengthening immune detected objects floating children clothing seedlings of 13623 people, serving 13498 people, the seedling rate was 99.08% on average. Including 6500 round 1 found to suit miao object, serving 6433 people, serving seedling rate was 98.97% on average, 2 wheel found to take miao object of 7123 people, serving 7065 people, the seedling rate was 99.19% on average.
2, increase publicity, increase the floating children parents aware of knowledge about immunization
(1) administrative department of health and the CDC regularly or not regularly on television, radio, newspapers, Internet and other media publicity of floating children immunization plan about common sense, for the whole society attaches great importance to this work and support;
(2) the flow of vaccinating children against centralized residence prominently Posting posters, signs, hanging banners, etc., and publicity of the significance of vaccination; JianKa, in time for the floating children into local parents to children patient timely propaganda national immunization planning and related policies, free types of vaccination, inoculation methods, prevention of infectious diseases and vaccine contraindications, marketable fee standards as well as the possible side effects, inoculation against specific place and time, contact information, inform the floating children parents migrant children can accept the immunization services and resident children, the propaganda positions were established in the community, shipyard, trade market, such as different floating population, increasing floating population health prevention awareness;
(3) in order to get in touch with parents in a timely manner, provide vaccination for the service object the first time service, zhuhai HanJiang zone, gaoyou for newborn children more status, within their respective jurisdictions to install a set of "message booking notification system", through "SMS notification system booking" to parents send children vaccination notification and relevant information such as infectious disease prevention knowledge propaganda, on the one hand to remind parents, on the other hand also greatly made our work.
3, the floating children "card, certificate, report" of system and norm management of floating children.
(1) unit of each vaccination copies of registration, JianKa for migrant children;
(2) adopted a policy of floating children apanage management, especially the township interstate flow after the birth of children must be at the location of the hukou JianKa card, after leave detailed contact way, in order to the current residence to vaccinate, now on the vaccination status timely feedback to the vaccination outpatient service of seat of registered permanent residence to avoid card leakage; Vaccination units for the new move for floating children immunization card, certificate, floating children as its roll-out of moving out of vaccination card, certificate, to ensure the continuity of vaccination work;
(3) for routine immunization of statistical report on the floating children and permanent children respectively summary report, timely grasp the floating children immunization;
(4) make full use of the immunization vaccination information management system, implement vaccination information resource sharing, to avoid the floating children late and leakage phenomenon.
4, to increase vaccination outpatient service Open Day, improve the quality of service
(1) migrant children is mainly concentrated in the urban area, due to the increasing number of children, the types of vaccine to increase, the original monthly vaccination outpatient service has far can not adapt to, in order to better provide immunization services for children, guarantee the quality of vaccination, most units will be inoculated outpatient 1 times a week or 2 to 3 times a week instead of outpatient service, individual unit, outpatient service, avoids the clinic Open Day crowded phenomenon, and reduce the burden of the staff, but also reduces the errors in the accident;
(2) of the floating population is relatively concentrated, set up a regular flow of vaccination.
5, strengthen management, to ensure all measures put in place
Municipal organization professionals every six months into the different of the floating population, random visiting children, understand JianKa, vaccination card and the condition of floating children immunization programmes of parent knowledge, timely find problems resolved in a timely manner. County district each quarter to supervision, vaccination outpatient service asked related measures to implement, and half a year to develop a floating children vaccination rate survey.
2011 migrant workers children card rate (floating population) and the national survey results the immune planning vaccination rates: in 2011 we had in the first half of May 16-20 immune programming work supervision inspection, in the city of county (city, area) checked, random sample of 2 township (town, street), respectively, by field visit and information systems audit each spot check 1 2 administrative villages and township home residents' committees, each of the 10 administrative villages random survey on January 1, 2008 - children born on December 31, 2009 (2008, 2009, 5), a total of 480, including 180 children. Household survey of 180 floating children, JianKa rate and pass rate are 100%, specification number 143 card; Bill hold 168, holding rate 93.33%; Inform before inform 179 before vaccination, immunization rate 99.44%; Use 180 disposable syringes, disposable syringes utilization rate by 100%. Based immune qualified immunization vaccines inoculated respectively: BCG, timely rate of 100% and 79.4%, the rate card scar, polio vaccine, timely rate of 100.00% 98.89% and 100.00% 100.00%, DPT, flax seedlings, timely rate of 99.4% to 87.2%, the hepatitis b vaccine 99.4%, needle timely rate of 98.3%, "five miao" 99.4%, je epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, 88.9% and 95.6% coverage.
Third, discussion and Suggestions
1, leadership attention, is the guarantee of the management of floating children, due to the particularity of liquidity of the floating population is strong, not easy to manage, make the floating children immunization work difficulty is very big. To do a good job of floating children immunization management to need a lot of manpower and material resources and financial resources, without leadership support, by the power of grassroots CDC staff alone, it is not possible to do the work well;
2, grass-roots staff must have determination and confidence to overcome the difficulty: floating children immunization management has always been immune programming work difficulty, also does not have a successful example, throughout the country also does not have a law, as a result, floating children immunization management difficult. If understanding of the work does not reach the designated position, not determination to overcome difficulties, measures is difficult to implement;
3, floating children immunization management to multi-sectoral collaboration: specification of floating children immunization management is not enough only by the health department, the need for multisectoral coordination and support;
4, propaganda, to improve migrant children parents for children vaccinated consciousness: only the epi knowledge propaganda in place, the floating children parents really realized the importance of children immunization, will become the passive to accept service of initiative service, floating children inoculated will be effectively improved.
5, in-depth research, repeated proof, for a "floating children immunization management model" : suggestion province health department or the centers for disease control and in-depth research, pilot, and a small scale for a butcher real feasible "floating children immunization planning management model", promoted in the whole province.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
In recent years, with the development of social economy, runyang bridge and railway station of the new opening, floating population, especially there is an upward trend in rural migrant migrant workers, migrant children have become immune planning management work of the difficulties and hot issues. To carry our city floating children immunization planning work, improve the floating children immunization coverage and quality of immunization services. We have done some work, summarized as follows:
A basic situation, the floating children
According to immunization programme in the city in 2005-2010 annual report, the our city floating children five years a total of 28932 people, more than 4822 people per year on average, about 14% of the total number of JianKa children throughout the year. Including 24729 inflow, outflow of 4203 children, migrant children mainly inflows. Floating children JianKa, card rate more than 95% on average, "four miao" qualified coverage for more than 85% on average.
November 1, 2011-4336 floating children, JianKa rate, card rate 100%, according to China's national immunization planning immunization programme monitoring information management system's routine vaccination report statistics, this year October 1 - flow school-age children vaccine immunization planning routine immunization coverage in the city, respectively, 99.97%, 99.97% of the BCG vaccine, hepatitis b vaccine, polio vaccine immunization, DPT, measles vaccine immunization 99.86% 99.87% to 99.86%, A group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine is 99.87% 99.84%, je vaccine immunization, polio vaccine, strengthen immunity, DPT to strengthen immune 99.86%, white 99.82% broken bigeminal vaccine, ma gills wind 99.89% 99.42%, and A + C group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine is 99.79% 99.79%, 2, 1 needle, je vaccine strengthen immunization was 99.75%, hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis b vaccine uptake rates first stitch in time 99.86% and 97.98%.
After investigation, the crux of the floating children management difficult: one is the liquid flowing children, base number is not easy to understand; Second, lower cultural quality of the floating children parents, epi knowledge awareness is low, the consciousness of active immunity in service is poor; Three is grassroots FangBao doctor to do a good job lack of confidence, the management of the floating children have difficulties.
Second, the main methods:
1, understanding of the basic number of the floating children, to master the dynamic flow of children
(1) the vaccination units active and on the street (village), the local police station, market management department, director of the women, urban management, family planning cadres, such as exchange of information department or a responsible person, dynamic, timely grasp of the floating population residential to strengthen cooperation with education departments, earnestly kindergarten entrance child vaccination certificate inspection work, ensure that migrant children a not leak;
FangBao personnel at the grass-roots level (2) at least once a month by local police station, r (village) committee, security, rural doctors to communicate, understand the floating children moved out, immigration, and to the area to visit verification, implementing sharding responsibility, responsibility to the people, take the initiative to search new ingoing flow school-age children, timely registration, three months to live with children to establish vaccination card, and children's movements form the birth month report flow (including children) "report step by step;
(3) every year, also used to eliminate polio vaccines against measles immunization and activities, a survey on children flow again touch bottom, floating children active search and discovery. Such as 2010/2011 polio strengthening immune detected objects floating children clothing seedlings of 13623 people, serving 13498 people, the seedling rate was 99.08% on average. Including 6500 round 1 found to suit miao object, serving 6433 people, serving seedling rate was 98.97% on average, 2 wheel found to take miao object of 7123 people, serving 7065 people, the seedling rate was 99.19% on average.
2, increase publicity, increase the floating children parents aware of knowledge about immunization
(1) administrative department of health and the CDC regularly or not regularly on television, radio, newspapers, Internet and other media publicity of floating children immunization plan about common sense, for the whole society attaches great importance to this work and support;
(2) the flow of vaccinating children against centralized residence prominently Posting posters, signs, hanging banners, etc., and publicity of the significance of vaccination; JianKa, in time for the floating children into local parents to children patient timely propaganda national immunization planning and related policies, free types of vaccination, inoculation methods, prevention of infectious diseases and vaccine contraindications, marketable fee standards as well as the possible side effects, inoculation against specific place and time, contact information, inform the floating children parents migrant children can accept the immunization services and resident children, the propaganda positions were established in the community, shipyard, trade market, such as different floating population, increasing floating population health prevention awareness;
(3) in order to get in touch with parents in a timely manner, provide vaccination for the service object the first time service, zhuhai HanJiang zone, gaoyou for newborn children more status, within their respective jurisdictions to install a set of "message booking notification system", through "SMS notification system booking" to parents send children vaccination notification and relevant information such as infectious disease prevention knowledge propaganda, on the one hand to remind parents, on the other hand also greatly made our work.
3, the floating children "card, certificate, report" of system and norm management of floating children.
(1) unit of each vaccination copies of registration, JianKa for migrant children;
(2) adopted a policy of floating children apanage management, especially the township interstate flow after the birth of children must be at the location of the hukou JianKa card, after leave detailed contact way, in order to the current residence to vaccinate, now on the vaccination status timely feedback to the vaccination outpatient service of seat of registered permanent residence to avoid card leakage; Vaccination units for the new move for floating children immunization card, certificate, floating children as its roll-out of moving out of vaccination card, certificate, to ensure the continuity of vaccination work;
(3) for routine immunization of statistical report on the floating children and permanent children respectively summary report, timely grasp the floating children immunization;
(4) make full use of the immunization vaccination information management system, implement vaccination information resource sharing, to avoid the floating children late and leakage phenomenon.
4, to increase vaccination outpatient service Open Day, improve the quality of service
(1) migrant children is mainly concentrated in the urban area, due to the increasing number of children, the types of vaccine to increase, the original monthly vaccination outpatient service has far can not adapt to, in order to better provide immunization services for children, guarantee the quality of vaccination, most units will be inoculated outpatient 1 times a week or 2 to 3 times a week instead of outpatient service, individual unit, outpatient service, avoids the clinic Open Day crowded phenomenon, and reduce the burden of the staff, but also reduces the errors in the accident;
(2) of the floating population is relatively concentrated, set up a regular flow of vaccination.
5, strengthen management, to ensure all measures put in place
Municipal organization professionals every six months into the different of the floating population, random visiting children, understand JianKa, vaccination card and the condition of floating children immunization programmes of parent knowledge, timely find problems resolved in a timely manner. County district each quarter to supervision, vaccination outpatient service asked related measures to implement, and half a year to develop a floating children vaccination rate survey.
2011 migrant workers children card rate (floating population) and the national survey results the immune planning vaccination rates: in 2011 we had in the first half of May 16-20 immune programming work supervision inspection, in the city of county (city, area) checked, random sample of 2 township (town, street), respectively, by field visit and information systems audit each spot check 1 2 administrative villages and township home residents' committees, each of the 10 administrative villages random survey on January 1, 2008 - children born on December 31, 2009 (2008, 2009, 5), a total of 480, including 180 children. Household survey of 180 floating children, JianKa rate and pass rate are 100%, specification number 143 card; Bill hold 168, holding rate 93.33%; Inform before inform 179 before vaccination, immunization rate 99.44%; Use 180 disposable syringes, disposable syringes utilization rate by 100%. Based immune qualified immunization vaccines inoculated respectively: BCG, timely rate of 100% and 79.4%, the rate card scar, polio vaccine, timely rate of 100.00% 98.89% and 100.00% 100.00%, DPT, flax seedlings, timely rate of 99.4% to 87.2%, the hepatitis b vaccine 99.4%, needle timely rate of 98.3%, "five miao" 99.4%, je epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, 88.9% and 95.6% coverage.
Third, discussion and Suggestions
1, leadership attention, is the guarantee of the management of floating children, due to the particularity of liquidity of the floating population is strong, not easy to manage, make the floating children immunization work difficulty is very big. To do a good job of floating children immunization management to need a lot of manpower and material resources and financial resources, without leadership support, by the power of grassroots CDC staff alone, it is not possible to do the work well;
2, grass-roots staff must have determination and confidence to overcome the difficulty: floating children immunization management has always been immune programming work difficulty, also does not have a successful example, throughout the country also does not have a law, as a result, floating children immunization management difficult. If understanding of the work does not reach the designated position, not determination to overcome difficulties, measures is difficult to implement;
3, floating children immunization management to multi-sectoral collaboration: specification of floating children immunization management is not enough only by the health department, the need for multisectoral coordination and support;
4, propaganda, to improve migrant children parents for children vaccinated consciousness: only the epi knowledge propaganda in place, the floating children parents really realized the importance of children immunization, will become the passive to accept service of initiative service, floating children inoculated will be effectively improved.
5, in-depth research, repeated proof, for a "floating children immunization management model" : suggestion province health department or the centers for disease control and in-depth research, pilot, and a small scale for a butcher real feasible "floating children immunization planning management model", promoted in the whole province.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
2013年5月29日星期三
The bizarre plot similar to Hollywood
"There is no doubt that this is the most complex, the largest in the history of the collective motion of doping case." Marcom Anne skinner, director of the U.S. anti-doping association told reporters in an interview, "using the team managers, staff and teammates, Armstrong to weave a unprecedented complex networks to protect themselves, his errors include use and transportation of illicit drugs, and help the team to the event organisers and international anti-doping commission cover up the truth."
In Armstrong large drug conspiracy team, behind a key figure was an Italian doctor Michael ferrari, many famous tour riders are his long-term customers, praise it is "master" evade the positive test. His drug use and drug testing for Armstrong to evade. The information provided according to the United States anti-doping association, from 1996 to 2006, Armstrong to pay the private doctors pay more than $1 million.
Armstrong, addicted to the drug's another accomplice is the us postal team general manager John brunel, after 1998 years as a manager, brunel has pushed for new morrow to join the team, as team doctor. Before being hired by the us postal team in 1999, mauro is valencia a sports medicine clinic, doctor practicing by its athletes, nicknamed "black cat", two people together to try to persuade young drivers taking drugs to enhance performance.
"To be sure, Armstrong in this conspiracy is not a negative complicity or insider. As team chief star driver for his teammate zhang for the power, can be arbitrarily expel those directed team management in drug taking said doubts and opposition players and staff." The United States anti-doping association chief adviser William burke said. In 2002, according to testimony, in a city girona, Spain team meetings, Armstrong said publicly, in order to team performance, everyone should accept the drug injection, those that do not comply should "get out immediately.
"I firmly believe in his innocence." Armstrong is in more than 10 years of career, for his taking illegal drugs charges standard answer, concise, powerful. His brokerage team claimed, after more than ten years of his career, Mr. Armstrong successfully passed testing more than 500 times, without rendering illicit drugs is positive, so as to construct the "Armstrong myth" the most solid foundation. The United States anti-doping agency says, however, that is exaggerated. "According to our statistics, test of Armstrong international bicycle association number is about 200 times, and in his career, the United States anti-doping agency for testing times only six times more."
According to the United States anti-doping association survey, in the 12 years of cat and mouse game, Armstrong and the us postal team in most of the time are the winners, they use various means to conceal the truth, former teammate Hamilton said: "sometimes escape is startlingly simple testing method, such as hiding, when the tour DE France race organizers of health inspectors came to the gate of your home, don't go to answered it, anyway, only three unexcused absences will receive a warning."
In brunel and moro, postal team drivers generally choose evening for drug injection. If testing staff came to headquarters, then team members will voluntarily inform those who medication teammates quickly withdrew from the race in order to avoid test, not only that, the us postal team in the world anti-doping agency internal buy off line, the line will be informed timely will test time and place for the bribe their team members.
In addition, even if in the process of game, the postal service team will also hire personnel, to the driver on the irrigation water bottles have illicit drugs, usually in a specially marked player name on the bottle and the drug content.
Rapid advances in brunel and Armstrong for the team's triumphant, a small incident almost destroyed the Armstrong seven champions league of legend: in the future in a temporary test, Armstrong was found cortisone positive, brunel flurried to morrow and presented a date be falsified medical records, to show that lance was suffering from severe sore back muscles and the convulsion, this excuse, easily accepted by testing personnel.
Nevertheless, Armstrong and the appearance of the us postal team or part caused by the international cycling union members and media attention, the rumors spread about doping. During tour in 2000, a French journalist has secretly followed mollo and other postal staff team, the results found that they often "strangely" sneak out, drivers' rest stop black garbage bags in hand, in these derelict, hewitt found abandoned plasma bags and disposable syringes, enhance cell metabolism, drug "love" of the outer packing. In the end, the French police conducted an innocuous, the whole thing.
Leo grant lok ma, for the first time that the United States anti-doping agency realized that doping eroded U.S. professional sport of cycling to the point of how serious, although Armstrong continued claims that the United States anti-doping according to its own investigation and charges as a "illegal witch hunting movement, but Mr. Gerth and his colleagues like a keen hunting, the first smell of the trail of the prey right: starting from the rock team, to the postal service team, faintly visible clue of connected like a maze, gradually surfaced.
In 2006, Armstrong's former teammate Jonathan walters started cooperation with the United States anti-doping association, struggled to again and again after the appeal, the U.S. department of justice has finally opened up a series of investigation. And is a milestone in the first major breakthrough, in 2010 by doping in 2006 deprived tour title of former teammate Floyd landis "defect". In waters constantly encouraged by "the courage to tell the truth", landis finally agreed to meet with the United States anti-doping work personnel, and to provide its own and Armstrong period of posts and telecommunications in the United States team details of taking drugs. Landis opening, just like the first piece of domino, a growing number of American professional drivers choose open, hide in the wound in the dark and ugly.
"Moro and ferrari have pleaded guilty, and voluntarily accept the lifelong sentence from professional sports league for medical services, despite the witnesses not to attend the arbitration hearing in view of the Armstrong charges, but their testimony was completely enough to make the United States anti-doping association have the confidence to put forward a series of to the United States postal charges for our team." Skinner told reporters.
For a global audience and international bicycle exercise, however, how to fill the Armstrong left huge vacuum, rebuild their trust in the ancient sport and love, is a long-term continuous pain.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
In Armstrong large drug conspiracy team, behind a key figure was an Italian doctor Michael ferrari, many famous tour riders are his long-term customers, praise it is "master" evade the positive test. His drug use and drug testing for Armstrong to evade. The information provided according to the United States anti-doping association, from 1996 to 2006, Armstrong to pay the private doctors pay more than $1 million.
Armstrong, addicted to the drug's another accomplice is the us postal team general manager John brunel, after 1998 years as a manager, brunel has pushed for new morrow to join the team, as team doctor. Before being hired by the us postal team in 1999, mauro is valencia a sports medicine clinic, doctor practicing by its athletes, nicknamed "black cat", two people together to try to persuade young drivers taking drugs to enhance performance.
"To be sure, Armstrong in this conspiracy is not a negative complicity or insider. As team chief star driver for his teammate zhang for the power, can be arbitrarily expel those directed team management in drug taking said doubts and opposition players and staff." The United States anti-doping association chief adviser William burke said. In 2002, according to testimony, in a city girona, Spain team meetings, Armstrong said publicly, in order to team performance, everyone should accept the drug injection, those that do not comply should "get out immediately.
"I firmly believe in his innocence." Armstrong is in more than 10 years of career, for his taking illegal drugs charges standard answer, concise, powerful. His brokerage team claimed, after more than ten years of his career, Mr. Armstrong successfully passed testing more than 500 times, without rendering illicit drugs is positive, so as to construct the "Armstrong myth" the most solid foundation. The United States anti-doping agency says, however, that is exaggerated. "According to our statistics, test of Armstrong international bicycle association number is about 200 times, and in his career, the United States anti-doping agency for testing times only six times more."
According to the United States anti-doping association survey, in the 12 years of cat and mouse game, Armstrong and the us postal team in most of the time are the winners, they use various means to conceal the truth, former teammate Hamilton said: "sometimes escape is startlingly simple testing method, such as hiding, when the tour DE France race organizers of health inspectors came to the gate of your home, don't go to answered it, anyway, only three unexcused absences will receive a warning."
In brunel and moro, postal team drivers generally choose evening for drug injection. If testing staff came to headquarters, then team members will voluntarily inform those who medication teammates quickly withdrew from the race in order to avoid test, not only that, the us postal team in the world anti-doping agency internal buy off line, the line will be informed timely will test time and place for the bribe their team members.
In addition, even if in the process of game, the postal service team will also hire personnel, to the driver on the irrigation water bottles have illicit drugs, usually in a specially marked player name on the bottle and the drug content.
Rapid advances in brunel and Armstrong for the team's triumphant, a small incident almost destroyed the Armstrong seven champions league of legend: in the future in a temporary test, Armstrong was found cortisone positive, brunel flurried to morrow and presented a date be falsified medical records, to show that lance was suffering from severe sore back muscles and the convulsion, this excuse, easily accepted by testing personnel.
Nevertheless, Armstrong and the appearance of the us postal team or part caused by the international cycling union members and media attention, the rumors spread about doping. During tour in 2000, a French journalist has secretly followed mollo and other postal staff team, the results found that they often "strangely" sneak out, drivers' rest stop black garbage bags in hand, in these derelict, hewitt found abandoned plasma bags and disposable syringes, enhance cell metabolism, drug "love" of the outer packing. In the end, the French police conducted an innocuous, the whole thing.
Leo grant lok ma, for the first time that the United States anti-doping agency realized that doping eroded U.S. professional sport of cycling to the point of how serious, although Armstrong continued claims that the United States anti-doping according to its own investigation and charges as a "illegal witch hunting movement, but Mr. Gerth and his colleagues like a keen hunting, the first smell of the trail of the prey right: starting from the rock team, to the postal service team, faintly visible clue of connected like a maze, gradually surfaced.
In 2006, Armstrong's former teammate Jonathan walters started cooperation with the United States anti-doping association, struggled to again and again after the appeal, the U.S. department of justice has finally opened up a series of investigation. And is a milestone in the first major breakthrough, in 2010 by doping in 2006 deprived tour title of former teammate Floyd landis "defect". In waters constantly encouraged by "the courage to tell the truth", landis finally agreed to meet with the United States anti-doping work personnel, and to provide its own and Armstrong period of posts and telecommunications in the United States team details of taking drugs. Landis opening, just like the first piece of domino, a growing number of American professional drivers choose open, hide in the wound in the dark and ugly.
"Moro and ferrari have pleaded guilty, and voluntarily accept the lifelong sentence from professional sports league for medical services, despite the witnesses not to attend the arbitration hearing in view of the Armstrong charges, but their testimony was completely enough to make the United States anti-doping association have the confidence to put forward a series of to the United States postal charges for our team." Skinner told reporters.
For a global audience and international bicycle exercise, however, how to fill the Armstrong left huge vacuum, rebuild their trust in the ancient sport and love, is a long-term continuous pain.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
Don't regulate insulin affect blood glucose control
As one of the means of control blood sugar, many people take insulin every day, but many people don't know, because the injection is not standard, the function and effect of insulin will be discounted. Many patients due to family conditions is limited, so disposable syringes used up, always reluctant to throw away a needle to use half a month at least, have some more, adjust injection dose. , jilin university fellowship hospital endocrinology Chen Zhaojie head nurse said China and Japan, disposable syringes now is made according to the using a standard disposable, so make sure change one at a time, repeated use for a long time, can cause skin infections, ulcers, severe cases may even need to surgical incision drainage, so not worth to do so.
, before Chen head nurse, injection insulin to take out from the refrigerator, after half an hour, and inspection on the injection site, touched by hand, and if there are bumps and lumps can't injections. It is important to note that injecting should pay attention to three rotation, first at the injection site rotation (hips, abdomen, upper arm of the lateral, outer thighs, four parts of a rotation); The same parts of the left and right rotation; The rotation of the same injection area (two injection points more than two centimeters). Injection, patients with relatively thin, the skin can be picked, 45 degrees into the needle; Fat don't have to pinch the skin more, vertically into the needle, after injection, the needle to stay for 10 to 15 seconds to pull out, in addition, do not use ordinary syringes, need for insulin syringe.
, before Chen head nurse, injection insulin to take out from the refrigerator, after half an hour, and inspection on the injection site, touched by hand, and if there are bumps and lumps can't injections. It is important to note that injecting should pay attention to three rotation, first at the injection site rotation (hips, abdomen, upper arm of the lateral, outer thighs, four parts of a rotation); The same parts of the left and right rotation; The rotation of the same injection area (two injection points more than two centimeters). Injection, patients with relatively thin, the skin can be picked, 45 degrees into the needle; Fat don't have to pinch the skin more, vertically into the needle, after injection, the needle to stay for 10 to 15 seconds to pull out, in addition, do not use ordinary syringes, need for insulin syringe.
Electric car batteries commonly used several repair methods
The battery of electric vehicles in use after a period of time, battery capacity decline phenomenon. So, how can let the electric battery longer? Take a look at below small make up for all the collected about simple repair method of electric vehicle battery, in order to prolong the service life of your battery.
1. The imbalance
Repair methods: find the capacity, voltage, self-discharge batteries, battery internal resistance, etc have been used together.
2. The water loss
Repair method: pry open at the top of the battery cover plate. Some battery cover plate is ABS adhesive joint, some of the battery is connected. Have a plenty of skateboarding. Pay attention to pry the cover plate, don't damage the cover plate. Then you can see 6 exhaust valve rubber caps. Open the rubber cap, revealing a vent through the vent can see inside the battery. Some batteries can unscrew the exhaust valve base, can not open the exhaust valve rubber and spin sacking valve base. Some cells around the rubber cap and some padding. Open the lid, according with a flashlight, see if there is a phenomenon of dry holes inside, if the battery fluid loss. Battery polar plate is made of glass fiber cotton wrapped in white, normal should be wet. By a vent into the battery with the dropper to inhale the distilled water. With good water battery made of breathable mask cover the vent, to prevent the dust into the vent. It is better to medical secondary distilled water. Hydrating principle is rather less not more. Can add enough, more than the decline in the proportion of acid, battery capacity will be less than. No experience is 5 ml per hole. It is best to look at, damp, twinkle, liquid. Wet just, twinkle is much, liquid is too much.
Special tip: hydrating tools using glass, such as plastic straws. Recommend the use of medical disposable syringes, easy to use and convenient measurement. Hydrating instrument cannot use any metal bearing, syringes should pull needles, metal casing section plastic tube after use.
3. The sulfuric acid salinization
Repair method: use sulphur battery repair instrument repair, fuzzy digital control theory, by measuring the battery status, at the same time of charge and discharge from the positive and negative frequency particle wave, with 10 to 20 hours of time, remove the battery after the crystallization of hard lead sulfate.
4. Plate softening
Repair method: after check 10.5 V battery discharge, using light bulb deep discharge from 1 to 5 hours. Then use the activation device, activation of repair.
5. A short circuit
Battery repair method: water, can punch is clear, will short circuit the lead powder out! Electric car batteries, short-circuit is negative, can quickly burn out where the short circuit!
6. Open circuit
Repair method: 0 v 100 a test battery voltage for open circuit, measured with a single method, measure the open circuit, welding is good.
Use the multimeter to measure the battery open circuit place!
1. The imbalance
Repair methods: find the capacity, voltage, self-discharge batteries, battery internal resistance, etc have been used together.
2. The water loss
Repair method: pry open at the top of the battery cover plate. Some battery cover plate is ABS adhesive joint, some of the battery is connected. Have a plenty of skateboarding. Pay attention to pry the cover plate, don't damage the cover plate. Then you can see 6 exhaust valve rubber caps. Open the rubber cap, revealing a vent through the vent can see inside the battery. Some batteries can unscrew the exhaust valve base, can not open the exhaust valve rubber and spin sacking valve base. Some cells around the rubber cap and some padding. Open the lid, according with a flashlight, see if there is a phenomenon of dry holes inside, if the battery fluid loss. Battery polar plate is made of glass fiber cotton wrapped in white, normal should be wet. By a vent into the battery with the dropper to inhale the distilled water. With good water battery made of breathable mask cover the vent, to prevent the dust into the vent. It is better to medical secondary distilled water. Hydrating principle is rather less not more. Can add enough, more than the decline in the proportion of acid, battery capacity will be less than. No experience is 5 ml per hole. It is best to look at, damp, twinkle, liquid. Wet just, twinkle is much, liquid is too much.
Special tip: hydrating tools using glass, such as plastic straws. Recommend the use of medical disposable syringes, easy to use and convenient measurement. Hydrating instrument cannot use any metal bearing, syringes should pull needles, metal casing section plastic tube after use.
3. The sulfuric acid salinization
Repair method: use sulphur battery repair instrument repair, fuzzy digital control theory, by measuring the battery status, at the same time of charge and discharge from the positive and negative frequency particle wave, with 10 to 20 hours of time, remove the battery after the crystallization of hard lead sulfate.
4. Plate softening
Repair method: after check 10.5 V battery discharge, using light bulb deep discharge from 1 to 5 hours. Then use the activation device, activation of repair.
5. A short circuit
Battery repair method: water, can punch is clear, will short circuit the lead powder out! Electric car batteries, short-circuit is negative, can quickly burn out where the short circuit!
6. Open circuit
Repair method: 0 v 100 a test battery voltage for open circuit, measured with a single method, measure the open circuit, welding is good.
Use the multimeter to measure the battery open circuit place!
2013年5月28日星期二
Men learn animal origin "veterinary drugs" to kill his wife death sentence
At 2 am, Li Jingzhi went into the bathroom at home.
He opened six 1 mg of adrenaline hydrochloride injection, the liquid suction in the disposable syringes, each after a injection bottle thrown into the toilet will be washed away.
Inside the bedroom, the wife is sleeping. Li Jingzhi needle pierced into his wife right calf, five or six milligrams solution injected into it. He returned to the bathroom, to wash away needles and syringes thrown into the toilet.
Adrenaline hydrochloride, Polaris is 1 time 1 mg subcutaneously.
Animal husbandry and majored in biotechnology company work Li Jingzhi, know in my heart, a lot of adrenaline hydrochloride injection can lead to death.
His wife suspected her husband having an affair
Li Jingzhi in their 50 s and the 40 - year - old zhang hong (a pseudonym) is halfway husband and wife, after getting married, had a son in 2009.
Friends and relatives eyes, Li Jingzhi and zhang hong is very good, the wife at home to take care of the children, the husband go to work to earn money out.
Said zhang hong elder brother, younger sister character is urgent, easy to lose his temper, his brother-in-law was easygoing personality, haven't seen him in a temper. "Li Jingzhi to his wife is very good, all the salary to his wife." Li Jingzhi biotechnology company boss said.
But starting in November 2011, the relatives and friends found that Li Jingzhi and zhang hong are often quarrel with each other. "Doubt Li Jingzhi chines woman out there." Li Jingzhi sister said.
Li Jingzhi boss quarrel with Li Jingzhi seen chines also find unit, "his wife is very suspicious, he look so severe, total want to master Li Jingzhi whereabouts."
A relationship with her husband
Li Jingzhi really out of the question.
In November 2011, Li Jing aim at online met shan (not her real name), phone number left after two people meet each other.
From sending text messages, phone calls, to almost a week later from huairou rushed to pinggu Li Jingzhi, shan home visit, develop into love relationship between two people.
Shan, four in May 2012, Li Jingzhi had sent a message to her, let her go to veterinary drug store to buy a medicine, what is "like hydrochloric acid". Shan said, they do not have to buy, the message is deleted.
The wife threat "kill the child"
Li Jingzhi buy medical name for "adrenaline hydrochloride", is a kind of syringes.
His confession, on May 14, 2012, he returned home from shan, wife and quarrelling with him, "said the son to kill".
This is not the first time zhang hong said such a thing.
Li Jingzhi with shan after sex, in 2012, he told his wife filed for divorce was rejected, "she also threatened to strangle the child".
"The strangled the child", Li Jingzhi sister also heard of. In April 2012, she got a call from his wife, "had not bottom go to, not I strangled her child, I don't live". Li Jingzhi sister immediately pressed to stop the fight, learn younger brother didn't come home for a few days.
Veterinary medicine shop to buy a medicine against his wife
Li Jingzhi confession, he seeks to preserve his son, "you kill her (his wife).
On May 25, 2012 Li Jing aim at huairou a veterinary drug store, bought a box of "adrenaline hydrochloride injection" (ten), also bought two sets of disposable syringes, for 16 yuan.
"Selling medicine at all tell the user each use of the two will do." The veterinary drug shop salesman said that not many people buy this medicine, mainly for animal, "I don't know people can use".
"Adrenaline hydrochloride injection" Li Jingzhi buy manufacturer staff confirmed that the drug is used for various causes of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of the main rescue medication. This kind of medicine is prescription drugs. Often use 0.25 1 mg subcutaneously once, Polaris 1 1 mg subcutaneous injection. Under normal circumstances can't use this kind of medicine, dosage is too large or subcutaneous injection after vascular contact can cause abrupt increases blood pressure and cause cerebral hemorrhage.
While his wife was sleeping
Bachelor degree in animal husbandry Li Jingzhi said, "know people play too much adrenaline can lead to death.
He put the six "adrenaline hydrochloride injection" and two sets of syringe to take home, four in unit, "if the wife son to kill again, use this medicine to kill her." Li Jingzhi confession.
On the evening of May 26, quarrel happened again, his wife and threatened to kill his son.
Li Jingzhi confessions, 24 PM that night, his wife said uncomfortable to eat some medicine, Li Jingzhi buy good sleeping pills will advance into the Finn will possess a capsule, "give her to eat sleeping pills in great fear that she might continue to quarrel, take medicine but she also said want to buy medicine to kill son".
Li Jingzhi said, he heard his wife more think more afraid. After his wife fell asleep, at 2 o 'clock in the morning, he went into the toilet...
5 minutes after injection, the wife said wake up have a headache, and vomiting.
Li Jingzhi called 120 and emergency personnel arrived tired of his wife.
Police exploration lie detectors
"Wife headache after drinking wine, just ate medicine sleep to his wife." Li Jingzhi with emergency personnel rushed to the relatives said.
120 participants Li Jingzhi alarm, the survey also found that when the police with guns and bullets. Li Jingzhi said for this is that the early buy used for hunting, always hide in the home.
On May 27,, the police on suspicion of possession of firearms, ammunition sin will Li Jingzhi custody. Police found zhang hong die at home have a lot of doubt, the Li Jingzhi further interrogation, Li Jingzhi metasomatism kill zhang hong criminal facts.
Recently, the court believes that Li Jingzhi cannot correctly handle family disputes, deliberately adopt the way of injectable drugs to kill his wife, was illegal possession system, guns, murder and crime of illegal holding guns, should be combined punishment for several crimes. Given Li Jingzhi can truthfully confesses the uxoricide crime, and considering this case other specific circumstances, to Li Jingzhi sentenced to death penalty according to law, suspended for 2 years.
Li Jingzhi, said to his wife after injecting drugs, he regretted at that time, but it is too late.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
He opened six 1 mg of adrenaline hydrochloride injection, the liquid suction in the disposable syringes, each after a injection bottle thrown into the toilet will be washed away.
Inside the bedroom, the wife is sleeping. Li Jingzhi needle pierced into his wife right calf, five or six milligrams solution injected into it. He returned to the bathroom, to wash away needles and syringes thrown into the toilet.
Adrenaline hydrochloride, Polaris is 1 time 1 mg subcutaneously.
Animal husbandry and majored in biotechnology company work Li Jingzhi, know in my heart, a lot of adrenaline hydrochloride injection can lead to death.
His wife suspected her husband having an affair
Li Jingzhi in their 50 s and the 40 - year - old zhang hong (a pseudonym) is halfway husband and wife, after getting married, had a son in 2009.
Friends and relatives eyes, Li Jingzhi and zhang hong is very good, the wife at home to take care of the children, the husband go to work to earn money out.
Said zhang hong elder brother, younger sister character is urgent, easy to lose his temper, his brother-in-law was easygoing personality, haven't seen him in a temper. "Li Jingzhi to his wife is very good, all the salary to his wife." Li Jingzhi biotechnology company boss said.
But starting in November 2011, the relatives and friends found that Li Jingzhi and zhang hong are often quarrel with each other. "Doubt Li Jingzhi chines woman out there." Li Jingzhi sister said.
Li Jingzhi boss quarrel with Li Jingzhi seen chines also find unit, "his wife is very suspicious, he look so severe, total want to master Li Jingzhi whereabouts."
A relationship with her husband
Li Jingzhi really out of the question.
In November 2011, Li Jing aim at online met shan (not her real name), phone number left after two people meet each other.
From sending text messages, phone calls, to almost a week later from huairou rushed to pinggu Li Jingzhi, shan home visit, develop into love relationship between two people.
Shan, four in May 2012, Li Jingzhi had sent a message to her, let her go to veterinary drug store to buy a medicine, what is "like hydrochloric acid". Shan said, they do not have to buy, the message is deleted.
The wife threat "kill the child"
Li Jingzhi buy medical name for "adrenaline hydrochloride", is a kind of syringes.
His confession, on May 14, 2012, he returned home from shan, wife and quarrelling with him, "said the son to kill".
This is not the first time zhang hong said such a thing.
Li Jingzhi with shan after sex, in 2012, he told his wife filed for divorce was rejected, "she also threatened to strangle the child".
"The strangled the child", Li Jingzhi sister also heard of. In April 2012, she got a call from his wife, "had not bottom go to, not I strangled her child, I don't live". Li Jingzhi sister immediately pressed to stop the fight, learn younger brother didn't come home for a few days.
Veterinary medicine shop to buy a medicine against his wife
Li Jingzhi confession, he seeks to preserve his son, "you kill her (his wife).
On May 25, 2012 Li Jing aim at huairou a veterinary drug store, bought a box of "adrenaline hydrochloride injection" (ten), also bought two sets of disposable syringes, for 16 yuan.
"Selling medicine at all tell the user each use of the two will do." The veterinary drug shop salesman said that not many people buy this medicine, mainly for animal, "I don't know people can use".
"Adrenaline hydrochloride injection" Li Jingzhi buy manufacturer staff confirmed that the drug is used for various causes of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of the main rescue medication. This kind of medicine is prescription drugs. Often use 0.25 1 mg subcutaneously once, Polaris 1 1 mg subcutaneous injection. Under normal circumstances can't use this kind of medicine, dosage is too large or subcutaneous injection after vascular contact can cause abrupt increases blood pressure and cause cerebral hemorrhage.
While his wife was sleeping
Bachelor degree in animal husbandry Li Jingzhi said, "know people play too much adrenaline can lead to death.
He put the six "adrenaline hydrochloride injection" and two sets of syringe to take home, four in unit, "if the wife son to kill again, use this medicine to kill her." Li Jingzhi confession.
On the evening of May 26, quarrel happened again, his wife and threatened to kill his son.
Li Jingzhi confessions, 24 PM that night, his wife said uncomfortable to eat some medicine, Li Jingzhi buy good sleeping pills will advance into the Finn will possess a capsule, "give her to eat sleeping pills in great fear that she might continue to quarrel, take medicine but she also said want to buy medicine to kill son".
Li Jingzhi said, he heard his wife more think more afraid. After his wife fell asleep, at 2 o 'clock in the morning, he went into the toilet...
5 minutes after injection, the wife said wake up have a headache, and vomiting.
Li Jingzhi called 120 and emergency personnel arrived tired of his wife.
Police exploration lie detectors
"Wife headache after drinking wine, just ate medicine sleep to his wife." Li Jingzhi with emergency personnel rushed to the relatives said.
120 participants Li Jingzhi alarm, the survey also found that when the police with guns and bullets. Li Jingzhi said for this is that the early buy used for hunting, always hide in the home.
On May 27,, the police on suspicion of possession of firearms, ammunition sin will Li Jingzhi custody. Police found zhang hong die at home have a lot of doubt, the Li Jingzhi further interrogation, Li Jingzhi metasomatism kill zhang hong criminal facts.
Recently, the court believes that Li Jingzhi cannot correctly handle family disputes, deliberately adopt the way of injectable drugs to kill his wife, was illegal possession system, guns, murder and crime of illegal holding guns, should be combined punishment for several crimes. Given Li Jingzhi can truthfully confesses the uxoricide crime, and considering this case other specific circumstances, to Li Jingzhi sentenced to death penalty according to law, suspended for 2 years.
Li Jingzhi, said to his wife after injecting drugs, he regretted at that time, but it is too late.
http://medical-supplies.cc/
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